Horm Metab Res 2022; 54(12): 785-794
DOI: 10.1055/a-1922-7052
Review

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Impact on Metabolic Changes?

Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
,
Thaline Millany da Silva Dias
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
,
Bruna Emanuele Pereira Cardoso
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
,
Mickael de Paiva Sousa
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
,
Thayanne Gabryelle Visgueira de Sousa
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
,
Diana Stefany Cardoso de Araújo
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
,
Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
1   Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
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Abstract

Adipose tissue is a metabolically dynamic organ that is the primary site of storage for excess energy, but it serves as an endocrine organ capable of synthesizing a number of biologically active compounds that regulate metabolic homeostasis. However, when the capacity of expansion of this tissue exceeds, dysfunction occurs, favoring ectopic accumulation of fat in the visceral, which has been implicated in several disease states, most notably obesity. This review highlights the mechanisms involved in the structure of adipose tissue, tissue expandability, adipocyte dysfunction, as well as the impact of these events on the manifestation of important metabolic disorders associated with adipose tissue dysfunction. A literature search using Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were used to identify relevant studies, using clinical trials, experimental studies in animals and humans, case-control studies, case series, letters to the editor, and review articles published in English, without restrictions on year of publication. The excessive ectopic lipid accumulation leads to local inflammation and insulin resistance. Indeed, overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses white adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, therefore fostering the progression of important metabolic disorders. Thus, it is essential to advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in adipose tissue dysfunction in order to mitigate the negative metabolic consequences of obesity.

Key words

structure of adipose tissue - adipose tissue dysfunction - metabolic dysfunction - tissue expandability


Publication History

Received: 31 May 2022

Accepted after revision: 11 August 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
11 August 2022

Article published online:
29 September 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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