Neurologische Langzeitfolgen von COVID-19

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat den öffentlichen Gesundheitssektor vor ungeahnte Herausforderungen gestellt. Doch während die gesellschaftliche Belastung durch die akute Erkrankung abzunehmen scheint, ebben die Berichte über Langzeitfolgen nicht ab. Mitunter am häufigsten berichtet werden neurologische Beschwerden wie anhaltende Erschöpfung und Kognitionsstörungen. Der wissenschaftliche Kenntnisstand entwickelt sich rasant und erste Therapieansätze zeichnen sich ab. Doch noch immer sind viele Fragen offen.

Kernaussagen

• Neurologische Langzeitfolgen nach COVID-19 sind häufig. Die am häufigsten berichteten Beschwerden sind Fatigue und Kognitionsstörungen.

• Die WHO definiert das Post-COVID-19-Syndrom als über 12 Wochen anhaltende Beschwerden nach der Akutinfektion ohne eine andere erklärende Erkrankung.

• Die Pathophysiologie des Post-COVID-19-Syndroms ist nicht abschließend geklärt. Eine Vielzahl an Ursachen wird diskutiert, darunter postinfektiöse Endorganschäden, Koagulopathien und Endothelschäden sowie autoimmunvermittelte Schäden.

• Die Diagnostik sollte leitsymptomorientiert und unter Zuhilfenahme der jeweiligen Leitlinien erfolgen.

• Es existieren noch keine für das Post-COVID-19-Syndrom zugelassenen Therapieverfahren. Allerdings werden zahlreiche Therapien bereits in Studien geprüft, und es ist von einem raschen Kenntniszuwachs auszugehen.

• Die Therapie erfolgt derzeit in erster Linie symptomatisch.

• Interdisziplinäre Behandlungsansätze unter Einbezug somatischer und psychischer Fachrichtungen stellen ein zentrales Konzept in der Behandlung dar.

Schlüsselwörter

COVID-19 - Post-COVID-19-Syndrom - Fatigue - kognitive Störung - SARS-CoV-2

Publication History

Article published online:
05 March 2024

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