Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Directing-Group-Assisted C4-H Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation of Indole

Abstract

C4-Functionalized indole scaffolds are ubiquitous in natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Much effort has thus been made to develop effective synthetic strategies for C4 functionalization of the indole core. Among them, chelation-assisted synthetic approaches using transition-metal catalysis for the C4-selective C–H functionalization of indole is attractive. This account highlights progress made in C4-carbon–carbon bond formation of indole using directing-group-assisted transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization (up to May 2022). These studies have been performed using Ru, Rh, Pd and Ir-based catalytic systems, while attention has been focused on the use of first-row abundant catalytic systems.

1 Introduction

2 Alkylation

3 Acylation

4 Alkenylation

5 Alkynylation

6 Allylation

7 Annulation

8 Arylation

9 Conclusion and Outlook

Key words

indole - C4-H functionalization - transition-metal catalysis - directing group - carbon–carbon bond formation

Publication History

Received: 14 June 2022

Accepted after revision: 19 August 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
19 August 2022

Article published online:
28 September 2022

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