Extrapulmonale Tuberkulose

Die extrapulmonale Tuberkulose ist in Deutschland eine seltene Erkrankung und stellt die Behandler*innen bei Diagnostik und Therapie immer wieder vor große Herausforderungen. In dieser Übersicht werden die extrapulmonalen Manifestationen der Tuberkulose vorgestellt sowie ihre Diagnostik und Therapie diskutiert.

Abstract

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The site of involvement can vary widely, with common sites including the lymph nodes, pleura, skin, ear, nose and throat, genitourinary system, pericardium, gastrointestinal tract, bones and joints, and central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of extrapulmonary TB are diverse and often non-specific. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, imaging, histopathology, and microbiology. Treatment of extrapulmonary TB generally follows similar principles to pulmonary TB, but the duration of treatment depends on the site of involvement and the extent of the disease. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential for the timely recognition and effective management of extrapulmonary TB cases.

Kernaussagen

• Die extrapulmonale Tuberkulose ist weltweit eine häufige, in Deutschland jedoch eine seltene Erkrankung.

• Durch hämatogene, lymphogene oder kontinuierliche Ausbreitung kann es zu einer Infektion aller Organe mit dem Mycobacterium tuberculosis kommen.

• Die Lymphknotentuberkulose und die Pleuritis tuberculosa stellen die häufigsten extrapulmonalen Manifestationen der Tuberkulose dar.

• Zur Diagnosesicherung sollte stets eine Probenentnahme mit Einsendung von ausreichend Nativmaterial zur mikroskopischen, molekulargenetischen und kulturellen mikrobiologischen Diagnostik eingesendet werden.

• Die Therapiedauer ist von dem jeweiligen Manifestationsorgan der Tuberkulose abhängig.

Schlüsselwörter

Tuberkulose - extrapulmonal - Lymphknoten - Urogenital - Knochen - Diagnosik - Therapie

Keywords

Tuberculosis - Lymph nodes - urogenital - bones - diagnosis - therapy - extrapulmonary

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
04. Oktober 2023

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