Tinnitus und beeinflussende Komorbiditäten

Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche Studien zeigen, dass Beeinträchtigungen bei chronischem Tinnitus eng mit psychosomatischen und anderen Begleiterscheinungen verwoben sind. In dieser Übersicht werden einige Arbeiten zu diesem Thema zusammengefasst und eingeordnet. Neben einer möglichen Hörminderung sind individuelle Wechselwirkungen aus medizinischen und psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren sowie Ressourcen von zentraler Bedeutung. Tinnitusbelastung spiegelt eine große Anzahl interkorrelierter, psychosomatischer Einflussfaktoren wider – wie z. B. Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, Stressreaktivität sowie Depressions-, oder Angsterleben, die mit kognitiven Einschränkungen einhergehen können und im Rahmen eines Vulnerabilität-Stress-Reaktion Modells konzeptualisiert werden sollten. Des Weiteren können übergeordnete Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht oder Bildungsstand die Vulnerabilität für Belastungserleben erhöhen. Diagnostik und Therapie des chronischen Tinnitus müssen somit individualisiert, multidimensional und interdisziplinär erfolgen. Multimodale psychosomatische Therapieansätze zielen darauf ab, individuell konstellierte medizinische und audiologische Einflussfaktoren sowie psychologische Erlebensaspekte zu adressieren und die Lebensqualität Betroffener nachhaltig zu erhöhen. Ein Counselling im Erstkontakt ist für Diagnostik und Therapie ebenfalls unabdingbar.

Schlüsselwörter

Tinnitus, Komorbidität - Depression - Angst - Schmerz - Kognition

• Literatur

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