Hören und Kognition im Kindesalter

Andrej Kral

doi:10.1055/a-1973-5087

Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102(S 01): S3-S11
DOI: 10.1055/a-1973-5087

Referat

Hören und Kognition im Kindesalter

Artikel in mehreren Sprachen: deutsch | English

Andrej Kral

¹Institut für AudioNeuroTechnologie (VIANNA) & Abt. für experimentelle Otologie, Exzellenzcluster Hearing4All, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Abteilungsleiter und Institutsleiter: Prof. Dr. A. Kral) & Australian Hearing Hub, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Nach der Geburt entwickelt sich das Gehirn weiter. Diese umfangreiche Entwicklung ist durch Hörstörungen in der Kindheit beeinträchtigt. Die Entwicklung von kortikalen Synapsen im Hörsystem ist dann verzögert und deren nachfolgender Abbau verstärkt. Neueste Arbeiten belegen, dass dabei vor allem die Synapsen betroffen sind, die für kortikokortikale Verarbeitung der Reize verantwortlich sind. Dies äußert sich in Defiziten bei der auditiven Verarbeitung. Andere Sinnessysteme sind indirekt beeinträchtigt, vor allem in der multisensorischen Kooperation. Wegen der umfangreichen Vernetzung des Hörsystems mit dem Rest des Gehirns werden interindividuell unterschiedliche kognitive Funktionen bei Hörstörungen verändert. Diese Effekte erfordern einen individualisierten Ansatz bei Therapie von Gehörlosigkeit.

Schlüsselwörter

Gehörlosigkeit - Cochlea-Implantat - Entwicklung - Hirnrinde - Synaptogenese

Volltext

Referenzen

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