Pathophysiologie der Schlafapnoe

Zusammenfassung

Obstruktiven Schlafapnoen liegen meist mechanische Ursachen zugrunde. Zumeist handelt es sich um Fettablagerungen in den oberen Atemwegen sowie um eine Verringerung des Lungenvolumens, was zu einem Verlust der kaudalen Traktion der oberen Atemwege führt. Aufgrund des Umstands, dass 60–80% der Betroffenen eine Ernährungsstörung im Sinne einer Adipositas aufweisen, rücken adipöse und darmgestörte Patienten in den Vordergrund. Auch wenn die gesamten Zusammenhänge noch nicht vollständig erforscht sind, zeigt sich, dass der bei Adipösen stark vergrößerte Anteil an viszeralem Fett als endokrines Organ zur Pathogenese der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe beiträgt. Weitere Ursachen der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe können ein meist unbemerkter nächtlicher laryngopharyngealer Reflux sowie intestinale Intoxikationen sein. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Pathophysiologie der Schlafapnoen unter ernährungs- und darmspezifischen Aspekten und beschreibt davon ausgehende Therapieansätze außerhalb der bekannten konventionellen Verfahren.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea is usually due to mechanical causes. In most cases, fat deposits in the upper airways as well as a reduction in lung volume are present, resulting in a loss of caudal traction of the upper airways. Due to the fact that 60–80 % of the people affected suffer from a nutritional disorder in the sense of obesity, obese patients and patients with bowel disorder come into focus. Although not all relationships have been fully explored yet, it is apparent that the significantly increased proportion of visceral fat in obese individuals contributes to the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea as an endocrine organ. Other causes of obstructive sleep apnea may include nocturnal laryngopharyngeal reflux, which is usually unnoticed, as well as intestinal intoxications. The article highlights the pathophysiology of sleep apnea under nutritional and intestine-specific aspects and describes therapeutic approaches based on these aspects outside the known conventional methods.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlafapnoe - Schlafhypopnoe - obstruktive Apnoe - zentrale Apnoe - Ernährung - Adipositas

Keywords

Sleep apnea - sleep hypopnea - obstructive apnea - central apnea - nutrition - obesity

Publication History

Article published online:
20 February 2023

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