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Synthesis 2023; 55(18): 2911-2925
DOI: 10.1055/a-2039-1728
short review
Special Issue Electrochemical Organic Synthesis

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization Reactions

Cai Zhang∗
a   Department of Safety Supervision and Management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, Wanzhou District, Chongqing 404020, P. R. of China
,
Demao Chen
b   College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. of China
,
Jie-Ping Wan
b   College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. of China
c   International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. of China
,
Yunyun Liu∗
b   College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. of China
c   International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. of China
› Author AffiliationsThis study has been supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. KJQN202104705), Human and Social Sciences Research Planning Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission in 2021 (21SKGH383).
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Abstract

This review highlights recent progress in electrochemical cascade cyclization reactions for the synthesis of carbon rings and heterocycles, such as pyridines, quinolines, phenanthridines, cinnolines, 1,4-dihydroquinolines, oxindoles, imidazo[1,5-α]pyridines, imidazoles, etc. The works included herein are introduced in two major sections of heterocycle construction and carbocycle construction reactions, covering the works reported from 2012 to 2022.

1 Introduction

2 Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Heterocycles

2.1 Synthesis of Pyridines, Quinolines, Phenanthridines, and Cinnolines

2.2 Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydroquinolines, Hexacyclic Sulfonamides, and Thiazines

2.3 Synthesis of Hydroisoquinolinones and Hydroquinolinones

2.4 Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones

2.5 Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazines

2.6 Synthesis of Oxindoles

2.7 Synthesis of Indolines and Indoles

2.8 Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5-α]pyridines and Imidazoles

2.9 Synthesis of Imidazolones, Imidazolidinones, Oxazolones, and Oxazolidinones

2.10 Synthesis of Benzoxazoles, Oxazolines, and Isoxazolines

2.11 Synthesis of Furans and Dihydrofurans

2.12 Synthesis of Indolizines, Pyrazoles, and Triazolium Inner Salts

2.13 Synthesis of Sulfonated Benzothiophenes, Thiazoles, Dihydrothiazoles, and 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles

2.14 Synthesis of Lactones

3 Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization for the Construction of Carbocycles

3.1 Synthesis of Carbon Polycycles and Spiroindenes

3.2 Synthesis of Difluoroacyl (Hetero)arenes and Sulfonated Indenones

4 Conclusion

Key words

electrochemical - cascade cyclization - heterocycle - carbocycle - green synthesis


Publication History

Received: 20 December 2022

Accepted after revision: 20 February 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
20 February 2023

Article published online:
23 March 2023

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