„Hilflosigkeit, das Abgeben jeglicher Selbstverantwortung und Selbstbestimmtheit“ – eine qualitative Auswertung von traumatisierenden Geburtserlebnissen in Relation zum Geburtsmodus

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Eine Geburt verbindet emotionale Herausforderungen mit individuellen Ängsten. Unerwartete Geburtsverläufe können Stressreaktionen bis hin zu posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen auslösen.Ziel der Studie Das Ziel der Studie war die qualitative Beschreibung von belastend wahrgenommenen Geburtserlebnissen und gewünschten Maßnahmen nach traumatisierenden Geburtserlebnisse.Methodik Es wurde eine inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von 117 Freitextantworten zu belastenden Geburtserlebnissen und gewünschten Maßnahmen anhand von Kategorien und Häufigkeiten in Relation zum Geburtsmodus vorgenommen.Ergebnisse Fünf Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: (1) Belastende Erfahrungen aufgrund von Ängsten um das Kind und die Trennung vom Kind vor allem nach einer Notsectio, (2) als unzulänglich erfahrene Kommunikation nach operativ vaginalen Geburten und sekundären Sectiones, (3) Gefühle von Versagen und Schuld nach allen ungeplanten Geburtsmodi, (4) Hilflosigkeit aufgrund des erlebten Kontrollverlustes und Ausgeliefertsein nach einer Notsectio sowie (5) Subjektiv ungünstige Versorgung durch mangelnde Empathie oder fehlende Betreuung. Als gewünschte Maßnahmen wurden genannt: unmittelbare Nachbesprechungen des Geburtserlebens mit dem beteiligten Personal sowie das Angebot professioneller psychologischer Unterstützung.Schlussfolgerung Frauenzentrierte Kommunikation insbesondere bei ungeplanten Geburtsverläufen und Nachbesprechungen von belastenden Geburtsverläufen sind bedeutsame Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des mütterlichen Wohlbefindens und der psychischen Gesundheit. Sie können einen positiven Einfluss auf die Entwicklung einer gesunden Mutter-Kind-Beziehung nehmen.

Abstract

Background Childbirth is combined with emotional challenges and individual anxiety. Unexpected birth experiences can trigger stress reactions and even post-traumatic stress disorders. Aim of the study The aim of the study was the qualitative evaluation of stressful perceived birth experiences and desired interventions.Methods A content-analytic evaluation of 117 free-text answers was conducted regarding stressful birth experiences and desired interventions using categories and frequencies in relation to birth mode.Findings Five themes emerged from the structured free text analysis: 1) Stressful experiences describing fear concerning the child and separation from the child after an emergency caesarean section; 2) Inadequate communication after an operative vaginal birth and unplanned caesarean section; 3) Feelings of failure and guilt after unplanned birth modes; 4) Helplessness with loss of personal control and the feeling of being at the mercy after an emergency caesarean section; 5) Inadequate support due to the absence of empathy or insufficient care. Expected interventions include immediate debriefing and professional psychological support.Conclusion Women-centered communication during childbirth and debriefing of stressful birth experiences are significant interventions for strengthening maternal well-being and mental health. They can have a positive impact on the development of a healthy mother-child relationship.

Schlüsselwörter

Patientenzufriedenheit - postpartale psychische Erkrankung - Prävention

Key words

prevention - postpartum psychiatric disorders - patient satisfaction

Publication History

Received: 18 November 2022

Accepted after revision: 10 February 2023

Article published online:
15 March 2023

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