Akzeptanz, Wissen und Einstellungen von Ärzten zu pharmakogenetischen Tests in der Psychiatrie

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Hintergrund Obwohl es mehrere Leitlinien für Psychopharmaka und deren Arzneimittel-Gen-Interaktionen gibt, ist die Implementierung in Deutschland nur an wenigen Standorten erfolgt.

Ziel der Studie Das Aufdecken möglicher Barrieren für eine Einführung von pharmakogenetischen Tests (PGx) in der Psychiatrie.

Material und Methoden Ausgabe eines Fragebogens mit 20 Items an 29 Ärzte, 5 Psychologen und 2 Medizinstudenten zu Akzeptanz, Wissen und Einstellung zu PGx. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit der Statistiksoftware R. Zur Analyse der Likert-Skalen kam der Mann-Whitney-U-Test, für die anderen Berechnungen der Exakte Fisher-Test zur Anwendung.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion 31,4 % hatten an einer Schulung zu Pharmakogenetik teilgenommen. 88,6 % erachteten PGx bei der Auswahl eines Medikamentes als sinnvoll, 97 % wären bereit, PGx anzubieten. Die Bereitschaft zur Testung fiel größer aus, wenn bereits ein Kurs in Pharmakogenetik besucht worden war (p = 0,031) und bei längerer Berufserfahrung (p = 0,324). 82,9 % gaben an, während der Ausbildung nicht auf die Interpretation von PGx-Befunden vorbereitet worden zu sein. Das Interesse an PGx war unabhängig von Berufserfahrung und Alter hoch. Klinische Pharmazeuten wurden als kompetente Unterstützung bei der Befundinterpretation angesehen.

Schlussfolgerung Besonders regelmäßige Schulungen und eine Aufnahme von Pharmakogenetik in das Curriculum des Medizinstudiums könnten dazu beitragen, dass PGx schneller implementiert wird.

ABSTRACT

Background Although there pharmacogenetic testing in Germany is only implemented in very few hospitals.

Objective Analysis of barriers for the implementation of PGx in a psychiatric hospital.

Materials and Methods A 20-item questionnaire was handed out to 29 physicians, 5 psychologists and 2 medical students. Data analysis was performed using the software R. For analysis of the Likert scales was the Whitney-U-Test performed, for all other significance testing’s the Exakt Fisher-test was used.

Results and Discussion 31.4% had lectures on PGx before. 88.6% believed that PGx helps in selecting the best medication. The acceptance of PGx was higher in physicians who attended lectures (p= 0.031) in the past and who had more professional experience (p=0.324). 82.9% answered that the curriculum of medicine did not prepare them to interpret PGx results. The interest in PGx was unrelated to age and number years of professional experience. Clinical pharmacists were believed to be competent interpret PGx results.

Conclusion Lectures and inclusion of PGx into the curriculum of medicine could increase the implementation rate of PGx.

Schlüsselwörter

Pharmakogenetik - pharmakogenetische Tests - psychiatrische Pharmakogenetik - Akzeptanz - medizinische Ausbildung

Key words

Pharmacogenetics - pharmacogenetic testing - psychiatric pharmacogenetics - acceptability - medical education

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Juli 2023

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