Metal-Free Synthesis of Guanidines from Thioureas in Water Reactions Mediated by Visible Light

Abstract

Metal-free synthesis of guanidines from thioureas under visible-light irradiation in water was successfully developed. Using 1–5 mol% of inexpensive and commercially available phenazine ethosulfate as a photocatalyst in the presence of 1 wt% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant with K₂CO₃ as an additive base, transformations of a variety of thioureas into the corresponding guanidines under visible-light irradiation were achieved in moderate to high yields. The advantages of this reaction include the use of a metal-free photocatalyst, water as a nontoxic solvent, and ease of operating at room temperature in an open-flask manner.

Key words

guanidines - photocatalyst - phenazine ethosulfate - cetyltrimethylammonium bromide - in water

Publication History

Received: 02 December 2022

Accepted after revision: 08 March 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
08 March 2023

Article published online:
13 April 2023

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