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DOI: 10.1055/a-2054-1201
Gibt es entitätsspezifische Kriterien für den Beginn der spezialisierten Palliativversorgung für nicht heilbare Krebserkrankungen? Ein Scoping Review
Are There Entity-Specific Criteria for Initiation of Specialized Palliative Care for Incurable Cancer? A Scoping ReviewZusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziel Patienten mit nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankungen eine spezialisierte Palliativversorgung zum richtigen Zeitpunkt anzubieten, stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Ziel des Scoping Reviews war, geeignete entitätsspezifische Kriterien zu finden.
Methode Im Februar 2020 wurde in den Online-Datenbanken PubMed und Scopus ein Scoping Review durchgeführt. Ziel der Literatursuche war die Identifikation von englisch- und deutschsprachigen Originalarbeiten, die zwischen 2009 und Februar 2020 veröffentlicht wurden und Hinweise darauf geben, welche entitätsspezifischen und entitätsunabhängigen Kriterien nicht heilbarer Krebserkrankungen herangezogen werden, um betroffene Patienten zeitgerecht in die spezialisierte Palliativversorgung zu integrieren. Insgesamt wurden 13 relevante Artikel identifiziert. Der Methode des Scoping Reviews entsprechend, wurde auf eine formale Bewertung der methodischen Qualität der eingeschlossenen Literatur verzichtet.
Ergebnisse Unter den relevanten Publikationen waren 6 Reviews und 7 Originalarbeiten. In keiner der analysierten Publikationen wurden explizit charakteristische Kriterien zu spezifischen Krebsentitäten angeführt. Für die Integration in eine spezialisierte Palliativversorgung wurden unabhängig der Krebsentität als Kriterien Unheilbarkeit/fortgeschrittenes Tumorleiden, Lebensqualität, belastende Symptome, ECOG-Status, psychosoziale Bedürfnisse, Komorbiditäten, tumorassoziierte Komplikationen, Behandlungsentscheidung/keine Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und begrenzte Lebenszeitprognose herangezogen oder vorgeschlagen. Die Erhebung der Kriterien erfolgte mittels Instrumenten, für die keine konkreten Kennwerte angegeben waren, die eine zur Einbindung in spezialisierte Palliativversorgung relevante Ausprägung der Kriterien detektieren könnten.
Schlussfolgerung Für den Zeitpunkt einer zeitgerechten Integration der spezialisierten Palliativversorgung bei nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankungen gibt es bislang keine entitätsspezifischen Kriterien und Kennwerte. Aus der Analyse lässt sich jedoch ableiten, dass entitätsunabhängig alle Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren bzw. fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung, die unter Verminderung/Verlust ihrer Lebensqualität und einer komplexen Symptomlast, v.a. Depressionen und Schmerzen leiden, das Angebot einer spezialisierten Palliativversorgung erhalten sollten. Kriterien generell als Kennwerte festzulegen und konsekutiv einen Messwert bzw. Cut-off-Wert zu definieren, könnte eine Möglichkeit sein, über z.B. ein Scoringsystem eine zeitgerechte Integration der Palliativmedizin zu erleichtern. Unklar ist bislang, welche Kombinationen von Erhebungsinstrumenten oder Screeningtools der Erfassung einer zeitgerechten Integration dienen könnten.
Abstract
Background/Objective Finding the right time for offering specialized palliative care to patients with incurable cancer remains challenging. The aim of the scoping review was to identify appropriate entity-specific criteria.
Method A scoping review was conducted in the online databases PubMed and Scopus in February 2020. The aim of the literature search was to identify original English- and German-language papers published between 2009 and February 2020 providing evidence on which entity-specific and entity-independent criteria of non-curable cancers are used to integrate affected patients into specialized palliative care in a timely manner. A total of 13 relevant articles were identified. In accordance with the method of the scoping review, a formal assessment of the methodological quality of the included literature was not performed.
Results The relevant publications included six reviews and seven original articles. None of the publications analysed explicitly cited characteristic criteria related to specific cancer entities. Incurability/advanced tumour disease, quality of life, distressing symptoms, ECOG status, psychosocial needs, comorbidities, tumour-associated complications, treatment decision/no treatment options, and limited lifetime prognosis were used or suggested as criteria for integration into specialized palliative care independently of cancer entity. Tools were used to elicit the criteria. No specific characteristic scores were specified for the tools that could detect an expression of the criteria relevant for integration into specialized palliative care.
Conclusion To determine the moment of timely integration of specialized palliative care for non-curable cancers, there are no entity-specific criteria and parameters to date. However, it can be deduced from the analysis that all patients with a non-curable or advanced cancer suffering from a reduction/loss of their quality of life and a complex symptom burden, especially depression and pain, should receive the offer of specialized palliative care, irrespective of their entity. Defining criteria in general as characteristic values and consecutively defining a measured value or cut-off value could be a possibility to facilitate a timely integration of palliative care via e.g., a scoring system. So far, it is unclear which combinations of survey instruments or screening tools could serve to capture timely integration.
Schlüsselwörter
spezialisierte Palliativmedizin - Screening - zeitgerechte Integration - Tumorerkrankungen - DefinitionPublication History
Article published online:
04 April 2023
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