Parvovirus-Infektionen bei Katzen in Tierheimen

Zusammenfassung

Durch weit verbreitete Impfmaßnahmen gegen das feline Panleukopenievirus (FPV) wird das durch dieses Virus verursachte Krankheitsbild, die feline Panleukopenie, bei privat gehaltenen Katzen in Deutschland nur noch selten gesehen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Situation in Tierheimen durch den ständigen Zulauf neuer Katzen, oft mit unvollständigem Impfschutz, eine andere. In solchen Einrichtungen sind Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche keine Seltenheit und gehen oft mit einer hohen Anzahl an Todesfällen einher. Aufgrund der hohen Kontagiösität des Virus entscheiden sich manche Tierheime, Katzen mit klinischen Symptomen, die auf Panleukopenie hindeuten, nicht aufzunehmen, da diese Tiere eine Gefahr für die Tierheimpopulation darstellen. Jedoch scheiden nicht nur Katzen mit Panleukopenie Parvoviren aus; auch gesunde, symptomlose Katzen können als subklinische Parvovirus-Ausscheider fungieren und somit zum Infektionsrisiko beitragen. Das Risiko für Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche in Tierheimen kann jedoch durch ein konsequent eingehaltenes Ausbruchsmanagement verringert werden. Dies schließt zum einen Hygienemaßnahmen mit korrekt durchgeführten Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprotokollen, Quarantänemaßnahmen, eine separate Isolationsstation sowie spezielle prophylaktische Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise die Identifizierung infizierter Tiere und die Immunisierung empfänglicher Gruppen, ein.

Abstract

Due to widespread vaccination programs against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), the disease associated with this virus infection, feline panleukopenia, is rarely seen in privately owned cats in Germany. In contrast, the situation in animal shelters differs due to the constant intake of new cats that are often unprotected. In such facilities, panleukopenia outbreaks are common and often accompanied by a high number of fatalities. Due to the high contagiosity of the virus, some shelters do not accept cats with clinical signs suspicious for panleukopenia, since these animals can pose a risk to the shelter population. However, not only cats with panleukopenia shed parvovirus, but also healthy, asymptomatic cats can and thus contribute to risk of infection. Nevertheless, the risk for panleukopenia outbreaks in animal shelters can be reduced by rigorous outbreak management. This includes hygiene measures using correctly applied cleaning and disinfection protocols, quarantine measures, separate isolation units, as well as specific prophylactic measures, such as identification of infected animals and immunization of susceptible groups.

Schlüsselwörter

FPV - felines Panleukopenievirus - Tierheim-Management - feline Panleukopenie - Ausbruch - Hygiene

Key words

FPV - feline panleukopenia virus - shelter management - feline panleukopenia - outbreak - hygiene

Publication History

Received: 12 January 2023

Accepted: 29 March 2023

Article published online:
25 May 2023

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