Indurative Mastitis in einer Herde Dorperschafe als Folge einer Infektion mit dem Maedi-Visna-Virus

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt indurative Mastitis in einer Schafherde als Folge einer Maedi-Visna-Virus (MVV)-Infektion. Mangelndes Aufeutern und kleine verhärtete Euter nach dem Ablammen sowie vermehrt Lämmerverluste wurden in einer Herde Dorperschafe beobachtet. Die Befunde an Euter und Milch waren nicht charakteristisch für eine chronische bakterielle Mastitis. Die ungenügende Eiweißversorgung der Mutterschafe kann zu einer verringerten Milchmenge, aber nicht zu den verhärteten Eutern geführt haben. Neunzehn der 21 Mutterschafe waren positiv für MVV-Antikörper. Euter und Euterlymphknoten eines Schafes mit verhärtetem Euter wurden anlässlich der Schlachtung entnommen. Bei der Fleischbeschau wurden keine weiteren Organveränderungen festgestellt. Die eine Euterhälfte zeigte eine gering- bis mittelgradige multifokale lymphohistiozytäre Mastitis, die andere eine hochgradige diffuse lymphohistiozytäre Mastitis mit Atrophie des Drüsengewebes, Vaskulopathie, Fibrose und Verkalkung. MVV-Antigen war immunhistologisch in Makrophagen, dendritischen Zellen, Epithelzellen und Endothelzellen der Milchdrüse sowie in Makrophagen und dendritischen Zellen der Euterlymphknoten zu finden. MVV-Provirusabschnitte konnten in den Euterlymphknoten und der stärker veränderten Euterhälfte in besonders hoher Menge mittels PCR nachgewiesen werden. Diese Fallbeschreibung soll daran erinnern, dass indurative Mastitis unabhängig von den besser bekannten Manifestationen der Maedi-Visna in Lunge und Gehirn als Folge einer systemischen MVV-Infektion auftreten kann. MVV sollte daher stets als Ursache für Mastitis beim Schaf differentialdiagnostisch berücksichtigt werden. Für den Nachweis einer MVV-Infektion wird zunächst der Antikörperstatus der betroffenen Tiere bzw. der gesamten Herde ermittelt. Im veränderten Eutergewebe treten charakteristische histologische Veränderungen auf. MVV-Antigen kann immunhistologisch dargestellt werden, weiterhin kann MVV-Provirus mittels PCR im veränderten Eutergewebe und den regionalen Lymphknoten nachgewiesen werden.

Abstract

This case report describes indurative mastitis in a herd of sheep caused by Maedi Visna virus (MVV) infection. Reduced udder formation after delivery, small, indurated udders and increased losses of lambs were observed in a herd of Dorper sheep. Examination of the mammary gland and milk did not reveal findings characteristic of chronic bacterial mastitis. The protein supply was insufficient which may have contributed to reduced milk yield, but was considered unlikely as cause for the induration of the mammary gland. Nineteen of the 21 mothers were positive for MVV by serology. Mammary gland and supramammary lymph nodes were collected in a sheep with indurated udder at the time of slaughter. Meat inspection did not reveal lesions in any other organs. One part of the mammary gland showed a mild to moderate multifocal lymphohistiocytic mastitis, the other exhibited a severe diffuse lymphohistiocytic mastitis with atrophy of the glandular acini, vasculopathy, fibrosis and calcification. MVV antigen was visualized by immunohistochemistry in macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells in the mammary gland, and macrophages and dendritic cells in the supramammary lymph nodes. A large amount of MVV provirus was detected in the supramammary lymph nodes and the severely indurated part of the mammary gland by PCR. In conclusion, indurative mastitis as a result of a systemic infection may occur independently of the commonly known manifestations of Maedi Visna in the lung and central nervous system. MVV should be considered as differential diagnosis in mastitis of sheep. The MVV status of the herd can be tested by serological detection of specific antibodies. Additionally, characteristic histological lesions are present in the mammary gland. MVV antigen can also be detected by immunohistochemistry and MVV provirus by PCR in the altered mammary gland and regional lymph nodes.

Schlüsselwörter

Schaf - Euter - Mastitis - MVV - SRLV - Immunhistochemie

Key words

Sheep - mammary gland - mastitis - MVV - SRLV - immunohistochemistry

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 25. Januar 2023

Angenommen: 23. März 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
11. August 2023

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