Psychosoziale Folgen der Harninkontinenz – tabuisiert und unterversorgt – eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Harnkontinenz stellt ein international weitverbreitetes Gesundheitsproblem dar, das sowohl Frauen als auch Männer jeden Alters betreffen kann. Es handelt sich um keine lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung, jedoch können Symptome das physische, psychische und soziale Wohlergehen von Betroffenen stark beeinflussen. Bestehende Literatur berichtet vorwiegend von Inkontinenz im Alter über 65 Jahre, Studien über Belastungen und Auswirkungen von Inkontinenz bei jüngeren Betroffenen sind limitiert. Inkontinenz ist im sozialen Bereich ein Tabuthema, wenige Erkrankte suchen professionelle Hilfe, weil sie Scham empfinden. Manche inkontinente Menschen suchen Unterstützung, wenn Symptome zunehmen und dadurch ihre Lebensqualität weiter sinkt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, darzulegen, welche psychosozialen Belastungen und Auswirkungen von Harninkontinenz bei Erwachsenen in der Literatur beschrieben werden und wie Betroffene diese Belastungen erleben.

Methoden Für den Zeitraum 2007–2022 wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via OvidSP, PsycINFO via OvidSP und PubMed durchgeführt. Zusätzlich zu der Recherche in den Datenbanken erfolgte eine Handsuche über eine Internetsuche sowie über die Referenzlisten der eingeschlossenen und kritisch bewerteten Artikel.

Ergebnisse Inkontinenz beeinflusst das gesamte Leben von Betroffenen. Inkontinente Menschen leiden unter geringem Selbstwert und empfinden Scham. Sie reduzieren körperliche Aktivitäten, verringern soziale Kontakte und erfahren Probleme im Erwerbsleben. Oft führt die Erkrankung zu Beeinträchtigungen in der Partnerschaft und Sexualität. Jüngere Menschen erleben diese Probleme belastender als ältere.

Zusammenfassung Um zur Enttabuisierung von Harninkontinenz beizutragen, sollte bei allen Berufsgruppen im Gesundheitswesen ein verstärktes Bewusstsein über die Lebenssituation von inkontinenten Menschen geschaffen werden. Aufklärung bekommt einen hohen Stellenwert und Strategien zur besseren Unterstützung von Betroffenen sollten entwickelt werden.

Abstract

Background Urinary incontinence is a significant health problem that can affect both women and men of all ages. It is not a life-threatening condition, but symptoms can have a strong impact on the physical, psychological and social well-being of those affected. Existing literature mainly reports on incontinent patients over 65 years of age. Studies about stress and effects of incontinence in younger patients are limited. Incontinence is a social taboo subject, with few sufferers seeking professional help for reasons of shame. Some incontinent individuals seek support when symptoms worsen and further reduce their quality of life. This study aims to explain which psychosocial stresses and effects of urinary incontinence in adults are described in the literature and how those affected experience these.

Methods A systematic literature search was performed for the years 2007 to 2022 in the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via OvidSP, PsycINFO via OvidSP and PubMed. In addition to the research in the databases, a hand search was carried out on the internet and via the reference lists of the included and critically evaluated articles.

Results Incontinence affects the entire life of those affected. Incontinent patients suffer from low self-esteem and shame. They reduce physical activities, have fewer social contacts and experience problems in working life. The condition often leads to impairments in partnership and sexuality. Younger patients have a higher level of suffering than older patients.

Summary In order to contribute to removing the taboo on urinary incontinence, health professionals should be made aware of the living situation of incontinent patients. Patient education is given high priority and strategies need to be developed to help those affected to cope.

Schlüsselwörter

Harninkontinenz - psychosoziale Folge - sexuelle Probleme

Keywords

psychosocial consequences - sexual problems - urinary incontinence

Publication History

Received: 07 May 2023

Accepted after revision: 12 June 2023

Article published online:
22 August 2023

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