Die Bedeutung von unterschiedlichen Fußaufsatztechniken und lokaler Muskelermüdung auf die plantare Druckverteilung beim Laufen auf dem Laufband bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten

Kernaussagen

• Beim Vorfußaufsatz entstehen höhere Druckspitzen im Vorderfuß, was die Plantarflexoren stärker belastet. Im Rückfußaufsatz hingegen zeigen sich erhöhte Druckmaxima unter der Ferse und verstärkte Beanspruchung der Dorsalflexoren.

• Das lokale Ermüdungsprotokoll beeinträchtigt die Effizienz der Dorsalflexoren stärker als die der Plantarflexoren, was zu muskulärer Dysbalance und einem erhöhten Verletzungsrisiko führen kann.

• Zur umfassenderen Bewertung der Fußaufsatztechnik sollten kommende Studien längere Zeiträume in verschiedenen Geschwindigkeitsstufen berücksichtigen.

• Um den Zusammenhang zwischen plantarer Druckverteilung und unterer Extremitätenbewegung genauer zu verstehen, ist es ratsam, die kinematischen Parameter zu überprüfen, insbesondere die Winkel von Kniegelenk, Knöchel und Fußsohle.

• Zur Verletzungsprävention und zur Förderung einer ausgewogenen Belastung der muskuloskelettalen Strukturen ist es empfehlenswert, die Fußaufsatztechnik beim Training bewusst zu variieren und anzupassen. Ein gezieltes Krafttraining der Plantarflexoren vor dem Wechsel vom Rückfuß- zum Vorfußaufsatz wird empfohlen. Idealerweise sollte das Elektro-Muskel-Stimulationstraining für Plantarflexoren zwei- bis dreimal pro Woche durchgeführt werden.

Central Message

• During forefoot strike, higher pressure peaks occur in the forefoot, placing a greater load on the plantar flexors. Conversely, in rearfoot strike, increased pressure maxima are observed under the heel, leading to enhanced strain on the dorsiflexors. To better assess the effects of footstrike patterns, future studies should examine longer time intervals across various running speeds.

• The local fatigue protocol more significantly impairs the efficiency of the dorsiflexors compared to the plantarflexors, potentially leading to muscular imbalance and can an increased risk of injury.

• For a more comprehensive assessment of footstrike technique, future studies should consider longer durations at various speeds.

• To better understand the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and lower extremity movement, it is advisable to examine kinematic parameters, especially the angles of the knee, ankle, and foot sole.

• For injury prevention and to promote a balanced load on musculoskeletal structures, it is advisable to consciously vary and adapt footstrike technique during training. Targeted strength training of the plantar flexors before transitioning from rearfoot to forefoot strike is recommended. Ideally, electromyostimulation training for plantar flexors should be performed two to three times a week.

Schlüsselwörter

Ermüdung - plantare Druckmaxima - Geschwindigkeit

Keywords

fatigue - maximal plantar pressure - speed

Publication History

Received: 31 May 2023

Accepted: 21 March 2024

Article published online:
26 April 2024

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