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DOI: 10.1055/a-2125-5250
Impfstoffmanagement in der ambulanten Versorgung: ein systematischer Review internationaler Empfehlungen und Implikationen für das deutsche Gesundheitswesen.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vaccine Management in Ambulatory Care: a Systematic Review Following the AGREE II ApproachZusammenfassung
Hintergrund Unterbrechungen der Impfstoffkühlkette mit Temperaturen außerhalb des Zielbereichs von+2°C bis+8°C können die Wirksamkeit von Impfstoffen verringern und die Immunantwort beeinträchtigen. Die Einhaltung von Standards zum Impfstoffmanagement ist daher essentiell, doch sind für Deutschland bisher keine Leitlinien dazu formuliert. Dieser Review vergleicht die Qualität und die Inhalte internationaler Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zum Impfstoffmanagement mit Hilfe des AGREE II Instruments (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation). Aus den Ergebnissen werden Empfehlungen für das Impfstoffmanagement in der ambulanten Versorgung in Deutschland abgeleitet.
Methodik Ausgehend von einer systematischen Recherche wurden internationale Leitlinien und Empfehlungen zum Impfstoffmanagement durch drei Reviewer anhand der AGREE II-Domänen bewertet. Die Domänen waren: Geltungsbereich und Zweck, Beteiligung von Interessengruppen, Genauigkeit der Leitlinienentwicklung, Klarheit der Gestaltung, Anwendbarkeit und Redaktionelle Unabhängigkeit. Die inhaltlichen Empfehlungen der Leitlinien wurden nach den fünf Kernthemen Kühlkette, Ausrüstung, Personal und Personalqualifikation, Lagerung und Monitoring analysiert. Das Studiendesign wurde in PROSPERO (CRD42021270524) registriert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden neun Leitlinien und Empfehlungen bewertet. Die Gesamtpunktzahl der einzelnen Publikationen variierte zwischen 17% und 89% der maximal möglichen Punktzahl. Alle Leitlinien enthielten Empfehlungen zu den fünf Kernthemen, unterschieden sich jedoch in der Detailtiefe. Die wichtigsten Empfehlungen lauteten: a) durchgehende Kühlkette erforderlich; b)≥2 geschulte Verantwortliche pro Einrichtung; c) Lagerung in der Originalverpackung; d) geeigneter Kühlschrank, vorzugsweise Spezialkühlschrank, mit Min-Max-Thermometer oder Datenlogger; e) routinemäßiges Monitoring des Impfkühlschranks mit täglicher Temperaturaufzeichnung. Ein öffentliches Überwachungssystem wird in einigen Leitlinien empfohlen.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere systematische Übersichtsarbeit identifizierte Schlüsselinformationen für die Lagerung und das Management von Impfstoffen, um die zukünftige Entwicklung deutscher Empfehlungen zur Impfstofflagerung anzuregen und zu unterstützen.
Abstract
Background Breaches in the cooling chain with exposure of vaccines to temperatures outside the target range of +2°C to +8°C may reduce their efficacy and impair immune responses. Following the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) approach, this review assesses the quality and content of international clinical practice guidelines on vaccine management. The results were used to derive recommendations for the vaccine management in ambulatory care in Germany.
Methods Based on a systematic search and screening process with predefined criteria, the selected guidelines were rated by three reviewers using the AGREE II domains: scope and purpose, stake-holder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence. The content of the guidelines was retrieved and summarized according to five predefined categories: cold chain, responsibilities, equipment, storage, and monitoring. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021270524).
Results A total of nine clinical practice guidelines were selected for evaluation. The sum score of the documents varied between 17% to 89% of the maximum possible score. All guidelines included recommendations in the five content categories but differed in detail. The key recommendations were: a) continuous cold chain required; b)≥2 trained, responsible staff members; c) storage in original wrappings; d) appropriate, preferably purpose-built refrigerator with two-point thermometer or data logger; e) routinely implemented monitoring processes including daily temperature recording. A public monitoring system was recommended in some guidelines.
Conclusion Our systematic review identified key information for vaccine storage and management to support the future development of German recommendations for vaccine storage.
Publication History
Article published online:
04 October 2023
© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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