Liquid Biopsy – Ein neues diagnostisches Konzept in der Onkologie

Zusammenfassung

Die Analyse von im Blut zirkulierenden Tumorzellen oder von in anderen Körperflüssigkeiten zirkulierenden Tumorzellprodukten gewann in den letzten Jahren stetig an Aufmerksamkeit. Sie wird unter dem Begriff Flüssigbiopsie (Liquid Biopsy, LB) zusammengefasst. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten LB-Analyten vorgestellt sowie die noch bestehenden Hürden und vielfältigen Bemühungen der Implementierung der LB in die klinische Routine diskutiert.

Abstract

The analysis of tumor cells circulating in the blood or of products of tumor cells circulating in other body fluids has gained increasing attention in recent years and is summarized under the term liquid biopsy (LB). LB includes the analysis of circulating tumor cells, cell-free circulating tumor-associated nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, proteins, or other products that are released into the peripheral bloodstream by the primary or metastatic tumor. For a huge number of solid tumor entities, LB has already been successfully applied in preclinical and clinical studies for the detection, risk stratification, treatment monitoring and relapse detection. LB provides valuable real-time information on tumor cell development, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of therapy resistance using a non-invasive peripheral blood test. In this article, the most important LB analytes and the current state of research are presented. In addition, the remaining obstacles and the diverse efforts to implement LB in clinical routine are critically discussed.

Kernaussagen

• Liquid Biopsy bezeichnet die Analyse von Tumorzellen oder Tumorzellprodukten aus dem Blut und anderen Körperflüssigkeiten.

• Zu den Vorteilen der Liquid Biopsy gehören die minimalinvasive Durchführung, die Wiederholbarkeit und die Gewinnung von zusätzlichen patientenindividuellen Informationen über die Krebserkrankung.

• Die (potenziellen) Anwendungsgebiete der Liquid Biopsy umfassen die Früherkennung von Tumoren, die Risikostratifizierung, die Therapiewahl und Therapieüberwachung sowie die frühzeitige Erkennung von Rezidiven und minimalen Resterkrankungen.

• Verschiedenste Initiativen, wie beispielsweise die European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS) und die International Liquid Biopsy Standardization Alliance (ILSA), sind bemüht, Hürden für die klinische Implementierung der Liquid Biopsy abzubauen.

Schlüsselwörter

Liquid Biopsy - zirkulierende Tumor‐DNA - zirkulierende Tumorzellen - minimale Resterkrankung - Therapieüberwachung - zielgerichtete Therapien

Keywords

Liquid Biopsy - ctDNA - CTCs - MRD - therapeutic decision making - targeted therapy

Publication History

Article published online:
25 September 2023

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