Ultraschall Med 2024; 45(01): 36-46
DOI: 10.1055/a-2157-2587
Guidelines & Recommendations

EFSUMB Technical Review – Update 2023: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-CEUS) for the Quantification of Tumor Perfusion

Technisches Review der EFSUMB – Update 2023: Dynamischer kontrastverstärkter Ultraschall (DCE-US) zur Quantifizierung der Tumorperfusion
Christoph F. Dietrich 
1   Department General Internal Medicine, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
2   Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitätsklinik Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
,
Jean-Michel Correas
3   Department of Adult Radiology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker University Hospital, Paris, France
4   Paris Cité University, Paris, France
5   CNRS, INSERM Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
,
Xin-Wu Cui 
6   Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
,
Yi Dong
7   Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Ringgold ID: RIN91603)
,
Roald Flesland Havre 
8   Department of Medicine, National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
9   Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
,
Christian Jenssen 
10   Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/ Wriezen, Wriezen, Germany
11   Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound (BICUS), Medical University Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Brandenburg, Germany
,
Ernst Michael Jung
12   Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
,
Martin Krix
13   Global Medical & Regulatory Affairs, Bracco Imaging, Konstanz, Germany
,
Adrian Lim 
14   Department of Imaging, Imperial College London and Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
,
Nathalie Lassau
15   Imaging Department. Gustave Roussy cancer Campus. Villejuif, France. BIOMAPS. UMR 1281. CEA. CNRS. INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, France
,
Fabio Piscaglia 
16   Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
17   Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) is a technique to quantify tissue perfusion based on phase-specific enhancement after the injection of microbubble contrast agents for diagnostic ultrasound. The guidelines of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) published in 2004 and updated in 2008, 2011, and 2020 focused on the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), including essential technical requirements, training, investigational procedures and steps, guidance regarding image interpretation, established and recommended clinical indications, and safety considerations. However, the quantification of phase-specific enhancement patterns acquired with ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) is not discussed here. The purpose of this EFSUMB Technical Review is to further establish a basis for the standardization of DCE-US focusing on treatment monitoring in oncology. It provides some recommendations and descriptions as to how to quantify dynamic ultrasound contrast enhancement, and technical explanations for the analysis of time-intensity curves (TICs). This update of the 2012 EFSUMB introduction to DCE-US includes clinical aspects for data collection, analysis, and interpretation that have emerged from recent studies. The current study not only aims to support future work in this research field but also to facilitate a transition to clinical routine use of DCE-US.

Zusammenfassung

Der DCE-US (Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound) ist eine Quantifizierungstechnik des kontrastverstärkten Ultraschalls. Die EFSUMB-Leitlinien von 2004, mit Updates aus den Jahren 2008, 2011, 2013 und 2020, erläutern die Grundlagen der Ultraschall-Kontrastmitteltechniken, geben aber keine detaillierten Informationen zu den Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, der Vorgehensweise und den Besonderheiten des DCE-US. Ziel dieses EFSUMB-Dokuments ist es nun, auf der Basis einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche Standardisierungsgrundlagen zur Methodik des DCE-US – insbesondere für das Therapiemonitoring bei onkologischen Erkrankungen – weiter zu vertiefen. Die notwendigen Grundlagen und technischen Voraussetzungen für die Analyse von Zeit-Intensitätskurven werden vorgestellt. Das vorliegende Update eines EFSUMB-Statements aus dem Jahr 2012 berücksichtigt klinische Aspekte aufgrund jüngster Studien für einen standardisierten Ablauf der Daten-Akquise und -Analyse sowie Empfehlungen zur Interpretation. Die aktuelle Arbeit zielt nicht nur darauf ab, künftige Arbeiten auf diesem Forschungsgebiet zu unterstützen, sondern auch den Übergang zur klinischen Routineanwendung des DCE-US zu erleichtern.

Keywords

contrast-enhanced ultrasound - guidelines - quantification - therapy monitoring - tumor perfusion


Publication History

Received: 04 April 2023

Accepted after revision: 15 August 2023

Article published online:
25 September 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Albrecht T, Blomley M, Bolondi L. et al. Guidelines for the use of contrast agents in ultrasound. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2004; 25: 249-256
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Claudon M, Cosgrove D, Albrecht T. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) – update 2008. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2008; 29: 28-44
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Dietrich CF, Averkiou MA, Correas JM. et al. An EFSUMB introduction into Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) for quantification of tumour perfusion. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2012; 33: 344-351
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Claudon M, Dietrich CF, Choi BI. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver – update 2012: A WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2013; 39: 187-210
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Claudon M, Dietrich CF, Choi BI. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver--update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2013; 34: 11-29
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Dietrich CF, Nolsoe CP, Barr RG. et al. Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Liver-Update 2020 WFUMB in Cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, and FLAUS. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2020; 46: 2579-2604
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Dietrich CF, Nolsoe CP, Barr RG. et al. Guidelines and Good Clinical Practice Recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Liver – Update 2020 – WFUMB in Cooperation with EFSUMB, AFSUMB, AIUM, and FLAUS. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2020; 41: 562-585
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Wustner M, Radzina M, Calliada F. et al. Professional Standards in Medical Ultrasound – EFSUMB Position Paper (Long Version) – General Aspects. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2022; 43: e36-e48
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Jenssen C, Gilja OH, Serra AL. et al. European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) Policy Document Development Strategy – Clinical Practice Guidelines, Position Statements and Technological Reviews. Ultrasound Int Open 2019; 5: E2-E10
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Lupusoru R, Sporea I, Ratiu I. et al. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Arrival Time Parametric Imaging as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool for Liver Cirrhosis. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; 12
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Zocco MA, Cintoni M, Ainora ME. et al. Noninvasive Evaluation of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging and Elastography. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2022;
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Wakui N, Nagai H, Ogino Y. et al. Hepatic arterialization can predict the development of collateral veins in patients with HCV-related liver disease. J Ultrasound 2018; 21: 301-308
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Kim G, Shim KY, Baik SK. Diagnostic Accuracy of Hepatic Vein Arrival Time Performed with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography for Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gut Liver 2017; 11: 93-101
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Kiyono S, Maruyama H, Kobayashi K. et al. Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy: Quantitative Analysis of Microbubble-Induced Stomach Wall Enhancement. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2016; 42: 1792-1799
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Nasr P, Hilliges A, Thorelius L. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography could be a non-invasive method for differentiating none or mild from severe fibrosis in patients with biopsy proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51: 1126-1132
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Cavorsi K, Prabhakar P, Kirby C. Acute Pyelonephritis. Ultrasound Quarterly 2010; 26: 103-105
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Ma F, Cang Y, Zhao B. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with SonoVue could accurately assess the renal microvascular perfusion in diabetic kidney damage. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 2891-2898
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Srivastava A, Sridharan A, Walmer RW. et al. Association of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-Derived Kidney Cortical Microvascular Perfusion with Kidney Function. Kidney360 2022; 3: 647-656
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Wang L, Wu J, Cheng JF. et al. Diagnostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for early detection of renal hyperperfusion in diabetic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2015; 28: 669-678
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Kim DG, Lee JY, Ahn JH. et al. Quantitative ultrasound for non-invasive evaluation of subclinical rejection in renal transplantation. Eur Radiol 2022;
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Zhao P, Li N, Lin L. et al. Correlation between serum cystatin C level and renal microvascular perfusion assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2022; 44: 1732-1740
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Zhang W, Yi H, Cai B. et al. Feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in evaluating renal microvascular perfusion in pediatric patients. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22: 194
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 He L, Li Z, Zhang Q. et al. Evaluation of renal microperfusion in hyperuricemic nephropathy by contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Garessus J, Brito W, Loncle N. et al. Cortical perfusion as assessed with contrast-enhanced ultrasound is lower in patients with chronic kidney disease than in healthy subjects but increases under low salt conditions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37: 705-712
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Puca P, DelVecchio LE, Ainora ME. et al. Role of Multiparametric Intestinal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Response to Biologic Therapy in Adults with Crohn’s Disease. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; 12
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Ding SS, Liu C, Zhang YF. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of Crohn’s disease activity: comparison with computed tomography enterography. Radiol Med 2022; 127: 1068-1078
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Ponorac S, Dahmane Gosnak R, Urlep D. et al. Diagnostic Value of Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Comparison to Endoscopy in Children With Crohn’s Disease. J Ultrasound Med 2023; 42: 193-200
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Freitas M, de Castro FD, Macedo Silva V. et al. Ultrasonographic scores for ileal Crohn’s disease assessment: Better, worse or the same as contrast-enhanced ultrasound?. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22: 252
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Servais L, Boschetti G, Meunier C. et al. Intestinal Conventional Ultrasonography, Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Assessment of Crohn’s Disease Activity: A Comparison with Surgical Histopathology Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67: 2492-2502
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Laterza L, Ainora ME, Garcovich M. et al. Bowel contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging in the evaluation of Crohn’s disease patients undergoing anti-TNFalpha therapy. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53: 729-737
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Zezos P, Zittan E, Islam S. et al. Associations between quantitative evaluation of bowel wall microvascular flow by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and indices of disease activity in Crohn’s disease patients using both bolus and infusion techniques. J Clin Ultrasound 2019; 47: 453-460
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Ripolles T, Martinez-Perez MJ, Paredes JM. et al. The Role of Intravenous Contrast Agent in the Sonographic Assessment of Crohn’s Disease Activity: Is Contrast Agent Injection Necessary?. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13: 585-592
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Nylund K, Saevik F, Leh S. et al. Interobserver Analysis of CEUS-Derived Perfusion in Fibrotic and Inflammatory Crohn’s Disease. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2019; 40: 76-84
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Goertz RS, Klett D, Wildner D. et al. Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound for monitoring vedolizumab therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot study. Acta Radiol 2018; 59: 1149-1156
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Liu H, Cao H, Chen L. et al. The quantitative evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differentiation of small renal cell carcinoma subtypes and angiomyolipoma. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12: 106-118
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Liang RX, Wang H, Zhang HP. et al. The value of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with CT enhancement in the differentiation of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2021; 39: 837e19-837e28
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Dong Y, Qiu Y, Yang D. et al. Potenzial application of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound in predicting microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 77: 461-469
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Liu Z, Li C. Correlation of lymph node metastasis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound features, microvessel density and microvessel area in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82: 361-370
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Xuan Z, Wu N, Li C. et al. Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the pathological grading and prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10: 4106-4115
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Li X, Han X, Li L. et al. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with Sonazoid for Diagnosis of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2022; 48: 575-581
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Feng Y, Qin XC, Luo Y. et al. Efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound washout rate in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma differentiation. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2015; 41: 1553-1560
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 El Kaffas A, Hoogi A, Zhou J. et al. Spatial Characterization of Tumor Perfusion Properties from 3D DCE-US Perfusion Maps are Early Predictors of Cancer Treatment Response. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 6996
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Turco S, Frinking P, Wildeboer R. et al. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Quantification: From Kinetic Modeling to Machine Learning. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2020; 46: 518-543
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J. et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 2009; 45: 228-247
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Zhu AX, Holalkere NS, Muzikansky A. et al. Early antiangiogenic activity of bevacizumab evaluated by computed tomography perfusion scan in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The oncologist 2008; 13: 120-125
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Seminars in liver disease 2010; 30: 52-60
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Leen E, Averkiou M, Arditi M. et al. Dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound assessment of the vascular effects of novel therapeutics in early stage trials. Eur Radiol 2012; 22: 1442-1450
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Hudson JM, Williams R, Tremblay-Darveau C. et al. Dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound for therapy monitoring. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84: 1650-1657
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 Saevik F, Nylund K, Hausken T. et al. Bowel perfusion measured with dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound predicts treatment outcome in patients with Crohn’s disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2014; 20: 2029-2037
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Socaciu M, Ciobanu L, Diaconu B. et al. Non-Invasive Assessment of Inflammation and Treatment Response in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Quantification. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD 2015; 24: 457-465
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 De Franco A, Di Veronica A, Armuzzi A. et al. Ileal Crohn disease: mural microvascularity quantified with contrast-enhanced US correlates with disease activity. Radiology 2012; 262: 680-688
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Medellin-Kowalewski A, Wilkens R, Wilson A. et al. Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters in Crohn Disease: Their Role in Disease Activity Determination With Ultrasound. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206: 64-73
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 53 Lassau N, Coiffier B, Kind M. et al. Selection of an early biomarker for vascular normalization using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to predict outcomes of metastatic patients treated with bevacizumab. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 2016; 27: 1922-1928
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 54 Bjarnason GA, Khalil B, Hudson JM. et al. Outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer treated with individualized sunitinib therapy: correlation with dynamic microbubble ultrasound data and review of the literature. Urol Oncol 2014; 32: 480-487
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 55 Lassau N, Koscielny S, Albiges L. et al. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: early evaluation of treatment response using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2010; 16: 1216-1225
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 56 Lassau N, Chami L, Koscielny S. et al. Quantitative functional imaging by dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) in GIST patients treated with masatinib. Investigational new drugs 2012; 30: 765-771
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 57 Lassau N, Koscielny S, Chami L. et al. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: early evaluation of response to bevacizumab therapy at dynamic contrast-enhanced US with quantification--preliminary results. Radiology 2011; 258: 291-300
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 58 Williams R, Hudson JM, Lloyd BA. et al. Dynamic microbubble contrast-enhanced US to measure tumor response to targeted therapy: a proposed clinical protocol with results from renal cell carcinoma patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy. Radiology 2011; 260: 581-590
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 59 Averkiou M, Lampaskis M, Kyriakopoulou K. et al. Quantification of tumor microvascularity with respiratory gated contrast enhanced ultrasound for monitoring therapy. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2010; 36: 68-77
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 60 Trenker C, Kumpel J, Michel C. et al. Assessment of Early Therapy Response of Non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Using B-Mode Ultrasound and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41: 2033-2040
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 61 Huang Z, Zhu RH, Xin JY. et al. HCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a hyper-enhanced rim on Sonazoid-CEUS Kupffer phase images is a predictor of tumor response. Eur Radiol 2022;
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 62 Takada H, Yamashita K, Osawa L. et al. Prediction of Therapeutic Response Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Japanese Patients Treated with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncology 2022;
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 63 Guo J, Wang BH, He M. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for early prediction of response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12: 1026647
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 64 Lu XY, Guo X, Zhang Q. et al. Early Assessment of Chemoradiotherapy Response for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; 12
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 65 Zhou B, Lian Q, Jin C. et al. Human clinical trial using diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles to enhance neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2- negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12: 992774
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 66 Christofides D, Leen EL, Averkiou MA. Improvement of the accuracy of liver lesion DCEUS quantification with the use of automatic respiratory gating. Eur Radiol 2016; 26: 417-424
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 67 Christofides D, Leen E, Averkiou M. Automatic respiratory gating for contrast ultrasound evaluation of liver lesions. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control 2014; 61: 25-32
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 68 Lassau N, Chami L, Chebil M. et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) and anti-angiogenic treatments. Discovery medicine 2011; 11: 18-24
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 69 Green RW, Epstein E. Can dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) improve diagnostic performance in endometrial cancer staging? A proof of concept. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019;
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 70 Yang Z, Kang M, Zhu S. et al. Clinical evaluation of vascular normalization induced by recombinant human endostatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. OncoTargets and therapy 2018; 11: 7909-7917
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 71 Zhan Y, Zhou F, Yu X. et al. Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound may help predict the outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma after microwave ablation. International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group 2019; 35: 105-111
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 72 Kim Y, Kim SH, Song BJ. et al. Early Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Ultrasound in Breast Cancer. Korean journal of radiology 2018; 19: 682-691
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 73 Hudson JM, Bailey C, Atri M. et al. The prognostic and predictive value of vascular response parameters measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced-CT, -MRI and -US in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving sunitinib. Eur Radiol 2018; 28: 2281-2290
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 74 Mogensen MB, Hansen ML, Henriksen BM. et al. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Colorectal Liver Metastases as an Imaging Modality for Early Response Prediction to Chemotherapy. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2017; 7: 10
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 75 Postema AW, Frinking PJ, Smeenge M. et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound parametric imaging for the detection of prostate cancer. BJU international 2016; 117: 598-603
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 76 Wilkens R, Peters DA, Nielsen AH. et al. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Enterography and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Crohn’s Disease: An Observational Comparison Study. Ultrasound Int Open 2017; 3: E13-E24
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 77 Frampas E, Lassau N, Zappa M. et al. Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: early evaluation of response to targeted therapy and prognostic value of Perfusion CT and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Ultrasound. Preliminary results. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82: e205-211
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 78 Niermann KJ, Fleischer AC, Huamani J. et al. Measuring tumor perfusion in control and treated murine tumors: correlation of microbubble contrast-enhanced sonography to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. J Ultrasound Med 2007; 26: 749-756
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 79 McCarville MB, Coleman JL, Guo J. et al. Use of Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound to Assess Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy in Children and Adolescents With Solid Malignancies: A Pilot Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206: 933-939
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 80 Ignee A, Jedrejczyk M, Schuessler G. et al. Quantitative contrast enhanced ultrasound of the liver for time intensity curves-Reliability and potential sources of errors. EurJRadiol 2010; 73: 153-158
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 81 Piscaglia F, Nolsoe C, Dietrich CF. et al. The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Practice of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) 2012; 33: 33-59
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 82 Dietrich CF, Ignee A, Frey H. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound with low mechanical index: a new technique. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie 2005; 43: 1219-1223
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 83 Dietrich CF. Contrast-enhanced low mechanical index endoscopic ultrasound (CELMI-EUS). Endoscopy 2009; 41 (Suppl. 02) E43-44
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 84 Greis C. Technology overview: SonoVue (Bracco, Milan). Eur Radiol 2004; 14: P11-15
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 85 Wei K, Jayaweera AR, Firoozan S. et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow with ultrasound-induced destruction of microbubbles administered as a constant venous infusion. Circulation 1998; 97: 473-483
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 86 Reuter DA, Huang C, Edrich T. et al. Cardiac output monitoring using indicator-dilution techniques: basics, limits, and perspectives. Anesthesia and analgesia 2010; 110: 799-811
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 87 Averkiou MA, Juang EK, Gallagher MK. et al. Evaluation of the Reproducibility of Bolus Transit Quantification With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Across Multiple Scanners and Analysis Software Packages-A Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance Study. Investigative radiology 2020; 55: 643-656
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 88 Krix M, Plathow C, Kiessling F. et al. Quantification of perfusion of liver tissue and metastases using a multivessel model for replenishment kinetics of ultrasound contrast agents. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2004; 30: 1355-1363
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 89 Krix M, Kiessling F, Farhan N. et al. A multivessel model describing replenishment kinetics of ultrasound contrast agent for quantification of tissue perfusion. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2003; 29: 1421-1430
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 90 Krix M, Kiessling F, Vosseler S. et al. Comparison of intermittent-bolus contrast imaging with conventional power Doppler sonography: quantification of tumour perfusion in small animals. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2003; 29: 1093-1103
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 91 Arditi M, Frinking PJ, Zhou X. et al. A new formalism for the quantification of tissue perfusion by the destruction-replenishment method in contrast ultrasound imaging. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control 2006; 53: 1118-1129
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 92 Hudson JM, Karshafian R, Burns PN. Quantification of flow using ultrasound and microbubbles: a disruption replenishment model based on physical principles. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2009; 35: 2007-2020
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 93 Dietrich CF, Averkiou M, Nielsen MB. et al. How to perform Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS). Ultrasound Int Open 2018; 4: E2-E15
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 94 Wildeboer RR, van Sloun RJG, Huang P. et al. 3-D Multi-parametric Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Prediction of Prostate Cancer. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2019; 45: 2713-2724
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 95 Cui XW, Ignee A, Bachmann Nielsen M. et al. Contrast enhanced ultrasound of sentinel lymph nodes. Journal of Ultrasonography 2013; 13: 73-81
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 96 Cui XW, Ignee A, Jedrejczyk M. et al. Dynamic Vascular Pattern (DVP), a quantification tool for contrast enhanced ultrasound. ZGastroenterol 2012; in press.
    PubMed
  • 97 Wiesinger I, Jung F, Jung EM. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and perfusion imaging using VueBox(R). Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78: 29-40
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 98 Jung EM, Wertheimer T, Putz FJ. et al. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with parametric imaging and time intensity curve analysis (TIC) for evaluation of the success of prostate arterial embolization (PAE) in cases of prostate hyperplasia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 76: 143-153
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 99 Dong Y, Koch JBH, Lowe AL. et al. VueBox(R) for quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in liver tumors1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 80: 473-486
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar