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Int J Sports Med 2024; 45(03): 245-252
DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-2717
Clinical Sciences

Immunometabolic and Vascular Health Responses among High Endurance Trained Subjects

Henrique A.R. Fonseca 
1   Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2   Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3   National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Celia Regina Bittencourt
1   Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Andrea Moreira Monteiro
2   Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3   National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Francisco Antonio Fonseca
1   Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3   National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Lívia Rentas Sanches
4   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Carlos Eduardo dos Santos Ferreira
4   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto
3   National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Magnus Gidlund
2   Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Maria Cristina Izar
1   Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
3   National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding Informationen This is study was supported by the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). HARF was supported by a fellowship grant from the National Institute of Science and Technology in Complex Fluids (INCT-Fcx) process 157872/2013–0. HARF and MG received a research grant from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Grant number: 2021/08111–2).
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Abstract

In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of high endurance training on vascular health parameters and immune-endocrine responses against modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. This observational, cross-sectional study included high endurance-trained and healthy non-trained subjects. Vascular ultrasound was used to assess vascular health parameters based on carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, autoantibody isotypes anti-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and anti-apolipoprotein B (ApoB-D) peptide. Plasma levels of the corticosterone and 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone hormones were analyzed by mass spectrometry. This study enrolled 96 subjects, of whom 44 were high endurance trained and 52 were healthy non-trained individuals. Smaller carotid intima-media thickness values were observed in the high-endurance trained than in the healthy non-trained males, while no differences were observed between female groups. Flow-mediated dilation measurements did not differ by training or sex. The humoral immune responses to IgG anti-oxLDL and IgM anti-ApoB-D autoantibodies showed an isotype imbalance between the high-endurance trained and the non-trained groups. Immunoendocrine parameters showed inverse correlations between 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness measurements. Direct correlations were found between IL-10 concentrations and flow-mediated dilation measurements. Chronic high-endurance exercise modulates immune-endocrine and vascular health parameters, in a sex-dependent manner.

Key words

exercise - humoral immunity - oxidized LDL - atherosclerosis - endothelium


Publication History

Received: 09 July 2023

Accepted: 02 October 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
04 October 2023

Article published online:
22 December 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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