Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-2196-4713
Medical Treatment for Androgenetic Alopecia
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a common type of hair loss, which is generally influenced by genetic factors and systemic androgens resulting in follicular miniaturization.[1] It can cause cosmetic problems leading to psychological distress among affected men and women. Effective standard medical treatments available are topical minoxidil 2 to 5%, oral finasteride, oral dutasteride, and hair transplantation.[1] However, some patients do not achieve favorable results with standard treatments. For these reasons, other novel treatments have been developed, including new medications, regenerative medicines (autologous platelet-rich plasma, adipose-derived stem cells, micrograft generation, and exosome), and low-level laser therapy
Keywords
medical treatment - finasteride - minoxidil lotion - dutasteride - oral minoxidil - platelet-rich plasmaPublication History
Accepted Manuscript online:
23 October 2023
Article published online:
04 December 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Olsen EADF, Dunlap FE, Funicella T. et al. A randomized clinical trial of 5% topical minoxidil versus 2% topical minoxidil and placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47 (03) 377-385
- 2 Bienová M, Kucerová R, Fiurásková M, Hajdúch M, Koláŕ Z. Androgenetic alopecia and current methods of treatment. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2005; 14 (01) 5-8
- 3 Katzer T, Leite Junior A, Beck R, da Silva C. Physiopathology and current treatments of androgenetic alopecia: going beyond androgens and anti-androgens. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32 (05) e13059
- 4 Devjani S, Ezemma O, Kelley KJ, Stratton E, Senna M. Androgenetic alopecia: therapy update. Drugs 2023; 83 (08) 701-715
- 5 Nestor MS, Ablon G, Gade A, Han H, Fischer DL. Treatment options for androgenetic alopecia: efficacy, side effects, compliance, financial considerations, and ethics. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20 (12) 3759-3781
- 6 Messenger AG, Rundegren J. Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150 (02) 186-194
- 7 Piraccini BM, Blume-Peytavi U, Scarci F. et al; Topical Finasteride Study Group. Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36 (02) 286-294
- 8 Bajoria PS, Dave PA, Rohit RK. et al. Comparing current therapeutic modalities of androgenic alopecia: a literature review of clinical trials. Cureus 2023; 15 (07) e42768
- 9 Deoghare S, Sadick NS. Combination therapy in female pattern hair loss. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2023; 25 (1-4): 1-6
- 10 Saceda-Corralo D, Domínguez-Santas M, Vañó-Galván S, Grimalt R. What's new in therapy for male androgenetic alopecia?. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24 (01) 15-24
- 11 Suchonwanit P, Iamsumang W, Leerunyakul K. Topical finasteride for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss: a review of the current literature. J Dermatolog Treat 2022; 33 (02) 643-648
- 12 Saceda-Corralo D, Domínguez-Santas M, Vano-Galvan S. et al. What's new in therapy for male androgenetic alopecia?. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24: 15-24
- 13 Suchonwanit P, Srisuwanwattana P, Chalermroj N, Khunkhet S. A randomized, double-blind controlled study of the efficacy and safety of topical solution of 0.25% finasteride admixed with 3% minoxidil vs. 3% minoxidil solution in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 (12) 2257-2263
- 14 Dallob AL, Sadick NS, Unger W. et al. The effect of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on scalp skin testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in patients with male pattern baldness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79 (03) 703-706
- 15 Price VH, Menefee E, Sanchez M, Ruane P, Kaufman KD. Changes in hair weight and hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia after treatment with finasteride, 1 mg, daily. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46 (04) 517-523
- 16 Stough DB, Rao NA, Kaufman KD, Mitchell C. Finasteride improves male pattern hair loss in a randomized study in identical twins. Eur J Dermatol 2002; 12 (01) 32-37
- 17 Mysore V, Shashikumar BM. Guidelines on the use of finasteride in androgenetic alopecia. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2016; 82 (02) 128-134
- 18 Melo DF, de Mattos Barreto T, Plata GT, Araujo LR, Tortelly VD. Excellent response to mesotherapy as adjunctive treatment in male androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19 (01) 75-77
- 19 Sato A, Takeda A. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of finasteride 1 mg in 3177 Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia. J Dermatol 2012; 39 (01) 27-32
- 20 Overstreet JW, Fuh VL, Gould J. et al. Chronic treatment with finasteride daily does not affect spermatogenesis or semen production in young men. J Urol 1999; 162 (04) 1295-1300
- 21 Liu KEBS, Lo KC, Jarvi K. Propecia-induced spermatogenesis failure: a report of two cases. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: 849
- 22 Kim WJ, Song M, Ko HC, Kim BS, Kim MB. Efficacy of finasteride 1.25 mg on female pattern hair loss; pilot study. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24 (03) 370-37
- 23 Won YY, Lew BL, Sim WY. Clinical efficacy of oral administration of finasteride at a dose of 2.5 mg/day in women with female pattern hair loss. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31 (02) e12588
- 24 Iamsumang W, Leerunyakul K, Suchonwanit P. Finasteride and its potential for the treatment of female pattern hair loss: evidence to date. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14: 951-959
- 25 Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Talukder M, Bamimore MA. Relative efficacy of minoxidil and the 5-α reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia treatment of male patients: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158 (03) 266-274
- 26 Gupta AK, Talukder M, Williams G. Comparison of oral minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride for treating androgenetic alopecia. J Dermatolog Treat 2022; 33 (07) 2946-2962
- 27 Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D. et al; Dutasteride Alopecia Research Team. The importance of dual 5alpha-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55 (06) 1014-1023
- 28 Amory JKWC, Swerdloff RS. et al. The effect of 5-alpha-reductase on semen parameters and serum hormones in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 1659-1665
- 29 Georgala S, Katoulis AC, Befon A, Danopoulou I, Georgala C. Treatment of postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia with oral dutasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61 (01) 157-158
- 30 Katoulis A, Georgala, Bozi E, Papadavid E, Kalogeromitros D, Stavrianeas N. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: treatment with oral dutasteride and topical pimecrolimus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23 (05) 580-582
- 31 Pindado-Ortega C, Saceda-Corralo D, Moreno-Arrones OM. et al. Effectiveness of dutasteride in a large series of patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia in real clinical practice. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84 (05) 1285-1294
- 32 Rozner RN, Freites-Martinez A, Shapiro J, Geer EB, Goldfarb S, Lacouture ME. Safety of 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 174 (01) 15-26
- 33 Rodríguez-Cuadrado FJ, Pinto-Pulido EL, Fernández-Parrado M. Mesotherapy with dutasteride for androgenetic alopecia: a concise review of the literature. Eur J Dermatol 2023; 33 (01) 72
- 34 Saceda-Corralo D, Moustafa F, Moreno-Arrones Ó, Jaén-Olasolo P, Vañó-Galván S, Camacho F. Mesotherapy with dutasteride for androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective study in real clinical practice. J Drugs Dermatol 2022; 21 (07) 742-747
- 35 Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata AR, Vañó-Galván S, Jaén-Olasolo P. Mesotherapy with dutasteride in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Trichology 2017; 9 (03) 143-145
- 36 Sinclair RD. Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57 (01) 104-109
- 37 Panchaprateep R, Lueangarun S. Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil 5 mg once daily in the treatment of male patients with androgenetic alopecia: an open-label and global photographic assessment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10 (06) 1345-1357
- 38 Jha AK, Sonthalia S, Zeeshan MD, Vinay K. Efficacy and safety of very-low-dose oral minoxidil 1.25 mg in male androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83 (05) 1491-1493
- 39 Olamiju B, Craiglow BG. Combination oral minoxidil and spironolactone for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in adolescent girls. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84 (06) 1689-1691
- 40 Pirmez R, Salas-Callo CI. Very-low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia: a study with quantitative trichoscopic documentation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82 (01) e21-e22
- 41 Vastarella M, Cantelli M, Patrì A, Annunziata MC, Nappa P, Fabbrocini G. Efficacy and safety of oral minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33 (06) e14234
- 42 Yin L, Svigos K, Gutierrez D, Peterson E, Lo Sicco K, Shapiro J. Low-dose oral minoxidil increases hair density and thickness in androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective analysis of 60 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36 (03) e200-e202
- 43 Gomolin A, Litvinov IV, Netchiporouk E. Oral minoxidil: a possible new therapy for androgenetic alopecia. J Cutan Med Surg 2020; 24 (01) 88-89
- 44 Ramos Sr PM, Sinclair RD, Kasprzak M, Miot HA. Minoxidil 1 mg oral versus minoxidil 5% topical solution for the treatment of female-pattern hair loss: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82 (01) 252-253
- 45 Gupta AK, Hall DC, Talukder M, Bamimore MA. There is a positive dose-dependent association between low-dose oral minoxidil and its efficacy for androgenetic alopecia: findings from a systematic review with meta-regression analyses. Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8 (05) 355-361
- 46 Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R. et al. Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss. A systematic review and pooled-analysis of individual patient data. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33 (06) e14106
- 47 Rodrigues-Barata R, Moreno-Arrones OM, Saceda-Corralo D. et al. Low-dose oral minoxidil for female pattern hair loss: a unicenter descriptive study of 148 women. Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 6 (03) 175-176
- 48 Vastarella M, Cantelli M, Fabbrocini G, Ocampo-Garza SS. Could oral minoxidil be superior to its topical variant for treatment of female pattern hair loss?. Ital J Dermatol Venereol 2023; 158 (03) 270-272
- 49 Bokhari L, Jones LN, Sinclair RD. Sublingual minoxidil for the treatment of male and female pattern hair loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1B clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36 (01) e62-e66
- 50 Aleissa M. The efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone in the treatment of female pattern hair loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 2023; 15 (08) e43559
- 51 Burns LJ, De Souza B, Flynn E, Hagigeorges D, Senna MM. Spironolactone for treatment of female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83 (01) 276-278
- 52 Bazargan AS, Tavana Z, Dehghani A. et al. The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with androgenic alopecia, female and male hair loss patterns: a blinded randomized clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; (e-pub ahead of print) DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15979.
- 53 Carmina E, Azziz R, Bergfeld W. et al. Female pattern hair loss and androgen excess: a report from the multidisciplinary androgen excess and PCOS committee. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104 (07) 2875-2891
- 54 Carvalho RM, Santos LDN, Ramos PM. et al. Bicalutamide and the new perspectives for female pattern hair loss treatment: what dermatologists should know. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21 (10) 4171-4175
- 55 Fernandez-Nieto D, Saceda-Corralo D, Jimenez-Cauhe J. et al. Bicalutamide: a potential new oral antiandrogenic drug for female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83 (05) e355-e356
- 56 Fernandez-Nieto D, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R. et al. Oral bicalutamide for female pattern hair loss: a pilot study. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32 (06) e13096
- 57 Ismail FF, Meah N, Trindade de Carvalho L, Bhoyrul B, Wall D, Sinclair R. Safety of oral bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: a retrospective review of 316 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83 (05) 1478-1479
- 58 Moussa A, Kazmi A, Bokhari L, Sinclair RD. Bicalutamide improves minoxidil-induced hypertrichosis in female pattern hair loss: a retrospective review of 35 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87 (02) 488-490
- 59 Alves R, Grimalt R. Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, half-head study to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016; 42 (04) 491-497
- 60 Gupta AK, Versteeg SG, Rapaport J, Hausauer AK, Shear NH, Piguet V. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the field of hair restoration and facial aesthetics—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cutan Med Surg 2019; 23 (02) 185-203
- 61 Georgescu SR, Amuzescu A, Mitran CI. et al. Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma therapy in androgenic alopecia—a meta-analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12 (03) 342
- 62 Lotfi E, Aramianpour N, Salehi B. Combination of platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel in treatment of resistance androgenic alopecia: a case series study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21 (10) 4307-4312
- 63 Gupta AK, Bamimore M. Platelet-rich plasma monotherapies for androgenetic alopecia: a network meta-analysis and meta-regression study. J Drugs Dermatol 2022; 21 (09) 943-952
- 64 de Oliveira AFQ, Arcanjo FPN, Rodrigues MRP, Rosa E Silva AA, Hall PR. Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in androgenetic alopecia in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dermatolog Treat 2023; 34 (01) 2138692
- 65 Papakonstantinou M, Siotos C, Gasteratos KC, Spyropoulou GA, Gentile P. Autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment for androgenic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151 (05) 739e-747e
- 66 Hetz SP, Martin J, Pototschnig H. Patient satisfaction and clinical effects of platelet-rich plasma on pattern hair loss in male and female patients. Cureus 2022; 14 (09) e28801
- 67 Thuangtong R, Chaweekulrat P, Thanomkitti K, Triwongwaranat D, Rujitharanawong C. Effect of platelet-rich plasma and other key factors on hair follicle preservation. Int J Trichology 2023; 15 (02) 50-55
- 68 Wang S, Li D, Zou M. et al. Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid compound in the treatment of female androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective, case-series study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; (e-pub ahed of print) DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15861.
- 69 Zhang X, Ji Y, Zhou M. et al. Platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cutan Med Surg 2023; (e-pub ahead of print) DOI: 10.1177/12034754231191461.
- 70 Li C, Pan L, Yang L, Kong J, Zhang L. An umbrella review of the use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22 (05) 1463-1476
- 71 Asim M, Shah R, Sharif S, Ouellette S, Shah A, Rao B. A randomized control trial comparing the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and 5% topical minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Drugs Dermatol 2023; 22 (09) 905-909
- 72 Balasundaram M, Kumari R, Ramassamy S. Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma therapy versus topical Minoxidil in men with moderate androgenetic alopecia: a randomized open-label trial. J Dermatolog Treat 2023; 34 (01) 2182618
- 73 Cedirian S, Bruni F, Quadrelli F. et al. Clinical study on the efficacy and tolerability of a topical regenerative treatment in patients with telogen effluvium and mild androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; (e-pub ahead of print) DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15873.
- 74 Kaiser M, Abdin R, Gaumond SI, Issa NT, Jimenez JJ. Treatment of androgenetic alopecia: current guidance and unmet needs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16: 1387-1406
- 75 Abdelkader R, Abdalbary S, Naguib I, Makarem K. Effect of platelet rich plasma versus saline solution as a preservation solution for hair transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2020; 8 (06) e2875
- 76 Pathania V, Sood A, Beniwal N, Baveja S, Shankar P, Patrikar S. Randomized control trial to study the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma as intraoperative holding solution in hair restoration surgery: a pilot study. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79 (01) 46-53
- 77 Lueangarun S, Visutjindaporn P, Parcharoen Y, Jamparuang P, Tempark T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of United States Food and Drug Administration-approved, home-use, low-level light/laser therapy devices for pattern hair loss: device design and technology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2021; 14 (11) E64-E75
- 78 Gupta AK, Carviel JL. Meta-analysis of photobiomodulation for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Dermatolog Treat 2021; 32 (06) 643-647
- 79 Liu KH, Liu D, Chen YT, Chin SY. Comparative effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for adult androgenic alopecia: a system review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34 (06) 1063-1069
- 80 Kim TH, Kim NJ, Youn JI. Evaluation of wavelength-dependent hair growth effects on low-level laser therapy: an experimental animal study. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30 (06) 1703-1709
- 81 Najem I, Chen H. Use of low-level laser therapy in treatment of the androgenic alopecia, the first systematic review. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018; 20 (04) 252-257
- 82 Delaney SW, Zhang P. Systematic review of low-level laser therapy for adult androgenic alopecia. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018; 20 (04) 229-236
- 83 Gupta AK, Bamimore MA, Foley KA. Efficacy of non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia in men and women: a systematic review with network meta-analyses, and an assessment of evidence quality. J Dermatolog Treat 2022; 33 (01) 62-72
- 84 Adil A, Godwin M. The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77 (01) 136-141.e5
- 85 Gupta AK, Mays RR, Dotzert MS, Versteeg SG, Shear NH, Piguet V. Efficacy of non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 (12) 2112-2125
- 86 Gentile P, Scioli MG, Bielli A, Orlandi A, Cervelli V. Stem cells from human hair follicles: first mechanical isolation for immediate autologous clinical use in androgenetic alopecia and hair loss. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4: 58
- 87 Ghorbani R, Hosseinzadeh S, Azari A. et al. The current status and future direction of extracellular nano-vesicles in the alleviation of skin disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023 (e-pub ahead of print).Doi: 10.2174/1574888. Doi: X18666230418121053
- 88 Egger A, Tomic-Canic M, Tosti A. Advances in stem cell-based therapy for hair loss. CellR4 Repair Replace Regen Reprogram 2020; 8: e2894
- 89 Ariyoshi K, Hiroyama Y, Fujiwara N. et al. Extracellular vesicles released from irradiated neonatal mouse cheek tissue increased cell survival after radiation. J Radiat Res (Tokyo) 2021; 62 (01) 73-78
- 90 Liang Y, Tang X, Zhang X, Cao C, Yu M, Wan M. Adipose mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes carrying MiR-122-5p antagonize the inhibitory effect of dihydrotestosterone on hair follicles by targeting the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24 (06) 5703
- 91 Li Y, Wang G, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Cui L, Huang X. Exosomes secreted from adipose-derived stem cells are a potential treatment agent for immune-mediated alopecia. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022: 7471246
- 92 Gupta AK, Renaud HJ, Halaas Y, Rapaport JA. Exosomes: a new effective non-surgical therapy for androgenetic alopecia?. Skinmed 2020; 18 (02) 96-100
- 93 Kost Y, Muskat A, Mhaimeed N, Nazarian RS, Kobets K. Exosome therapy in hair regeneration: a literature review of the evidence, challenges, and future opportunities. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21 (08) 3226-3231
- 94 Kim H, Jang Y, Kim EH. et al. Potential of colostrum-derived exosomes for promoting hair regeneration through the transition from telogen to anagen phase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10: 815205
- 95 Gupta AK, Wang T, Rapaport JA. Systematic review of exosome treatment in hair restoration: preliminary evidence, safety, and future directions. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22 (09) 2424-2433
- 96 Wang G, Wang Z, Zhang J. et al. Treatment of androgenetic alopecia by exosomes secreted from hair papilla cells and the intervention effect of LTF. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22 (11) 2996-3007
- 97 Hebert A, Thiboutot D, Stein Gold L. et al. Efficacy and safety of topical clascoterone cream, 1%, for treatment in patients with facial acne: two phase 3 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156 (06) 621-630
- 98 Rosette C, Rosette N, Mazzetti A, Moro L, Gerloni M. Cortexolone 17α-propionate (clascoterone) is an androgen receptor antagonist in dermal papilla cells in vitro. J Drugs Dermatol 2019; 18 (02) 197-201
- 99 Dhillon S. Clascoterone: first approval. Drugs 2020; 80 (16) 1745-1750
- 100 Sun HY, Sebaratnam DF. Clascoterone as a novel treatment for androgenetic alopecia. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45 (07) 913-914
- 101 Täubel J, Mazzetti A, Ferber G. et al. A phase 1 study to investigate the effects of cortexolone 17α-propionate, also known as clascoterone, on the QT interval using the meal effect to demonstrate ECG assay sensitivity. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10 (06) 572-581
- 102 Fields JR, Vonu PM, Monir RL, Schoch JJ. Topical ketoconazole for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33 (01) e13202
- 103 Chen X, Xiang H, Yang M. Topical cetirizine for treating androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review. J Cosmet Derma tol 2022; 21 (11) 5519-5526
- 104 Kanti V, Messenger A, Dobos G. et al. Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men -short version. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 (01) 11-22
- 105 Manabe M, Tsuboi R, Itami S. et al. Drafting Committee for the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Male-and Female-Pattern Hair Loss. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment ofmale-pattern and female-pattern hair loss, 2017 version. J Dermatol 2018; 45: 1031-1043
- 106 Suchonwanit P, Thammarucha S, Leerunyakul K. Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders: a review. Drug Des, Develop Ther 2019; 13: 2777-2786
- 107 Vañó-Galván S, Pirmez R, Hermosa-Gelbard A. et al. Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss: a multicenter study of 1404 patients. J Amer Acad Dermatol 2021; 84 (06) 1644-1651