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Am J Perinatol 2024; 41(11): 1560-1566
DOI: 10.1055/a-2200-3285
Original Article

Iron Deficiency Prior to Discharge in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Screening with Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content

Geetika Kennady 
1   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Faraz Afridi
2   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
,
Dana Neumann
1   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Barbara Amendolia
2   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
,
Nicole Kilic
2   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
,
Vishwanath Bhat
2   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
,
Vineet Bhandari
2   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
,
Zubair H. Aghai 
1   Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours Children's Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Funding None.
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Abstract

Objective This study aimed to assess the iron status prior to discharge in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants utilizing reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and evaluate the impact of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on iron status.

Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of VLBW infants from two tertiary level of care Neonatal Intensive Care Units. The primary outcome was the proportion of VLBW infants with low CHr (<29 pg) prior to discharge. Hematologic parameters were also compared between infants who received or did not receive DCC. Infants with a positive newborn screen for hemoglobin Bart's were excluded.

Results Among the 315 infants included, 99 infants (31.4%) had low CHr prior to discharge. The median (interquartile range) CHr prior to discharge was 30.8 pg (28.4–39 pg). DCC was performed in 46.7% of infants. Hemoglobin at birth, discharge, and CHr prior to discharge were higher and the need for blood transfusion and the number of infants with low CHr prior to discharge were lower in the DCC group.

Conclusion Approximately 31.4% of VLBW infants had low CHr near the time of discharge suggesting they were iron deficient. DCC improved hematological parameters prior to discharge in VLBW infants. CHr content can be used to guide iron supplementation in VLBW infants to potentially improve their iron status and long-term neurocognitive outcomes.

Key Points

  • DCC was associated with an improved hemoglobin and iron status at discharge in VLBW infants.

  • CHr is an early and reliable marker for iron deficiency.

  • Approximately one in three VLBW infants can be iron deficient at the time of discharge.

Keywords

reticulocyte hemoglobin content - neonate - preterm - anemia - iron deficiency

Note

Presented at the Eastern Society of Pediatric Research, 2022 and Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, 2022.


Authors' Contributions

G.K. conceptualized and designed the study, performed data collection, interpreted results, and drafted and revised the manuscript.

F.A., D.N., B.A., and N.K. performed data collection and reviewed the manuscript.

V.B., and V.B. critically reviewed the data analysis, critically reviewed and revised the manuscript.

Z.H.A. conceptualized and designed the study, performed data analysis, and interpreted the results.


Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 09. Juni 2023

Angenommen: 25. Oktober 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
27. Oktober 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. November 2023

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