PDF herunterladen
J Am Acad Audiol 2024; 35(01/02): 040-046
DOI: 10.1055/a-2214-7927
Research Article

Does Chronic Subjective Tinnitus Affect Cognitive Performance In Adults with Hearing Thresholds of 25 dB and Less Between 0.5-4 kHz

Merve Deniz-Sakarya
1   Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye
,
Merve Çinar-Satekin
2   Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
,
Zahide Ç.B. Yaldız
3   Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
,
Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz
4   Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Background In literature, the cognitive performance results of normal hearing individuals with tinnitus are inconsistent. It also differs in the control of other factors that may affect cognition.

Purpose This study aimed to determine the differences in attention and memory performance between normal hearing individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus and age–sex–education-matched healthy controls.

Study Sample Normal hearing individuals with subjective chronic tinnitus between 18 and 55 years of age, who have normal cognitive abilities (tinnitus group, n = 30) and age–sex-matched normal hearing individuals without tinnitus who have normal cognitive abilities (control group, n = 30) were included in this study.

Data Collection The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test measured participants' general cognitive screening, and depressive symptoms were measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Tinnitus Handicap Inventory was used to determine the tinnitus handicap levels. Attention performance was evaluated with Stroop Test-TBAG Form, and short-term and working memory performances were evaluated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R)-Digit Span Test.

Results The tinnitus and control groups' depressive symptom scores were similar concerning the BDI (p = 0.90). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups according to the completion time of the five sections of the Stroop Test, the number of errors and corrections of the Stroop 5 test, and the (WAIS-R)-Digit Span Test scores (p > 0.05).

Conclusion In our study, the Stroop Test and Digit Span Test performances of individuals with tinnitus and normal hearing were similar to the control group. Despite previous studies claiming an effect of tinnitus on cognition, our contrary findings are discussed in the light of other demographic, audiological, and psychological measurement variables, especially hearing loss.

Keywords

attention - cognition - Digit Span Test - memory - chronic subjective tinnitus - Tinnitus Handicap Inventory - Stroop Test - normal hearing


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 23. Mai 2023

Angenommen: 19. November 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
21. November 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. November 2024

© 2024. American Academy of Audiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Andersson G, Khakpoor A, Lyttkens L. Masking of tinnitus and mental activity. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2002; 27 (04) 270-274
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 2 Andersson G, McKenna L. The role of cognition in tinnitus. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2006; 126 (556) 39-43
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 3 Hallam RS, McKenna L, Shurlock L. Tinnitus impairs cognitive efficiency. Int J Audiol 2004; 43 (04) 218-226
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 4 Andersson G, Edsjö L, Kaldo V, Westin V. Tinnitus and short-term serial recall in stable versus intermittent masking conditions. Scand J Psychol 2009; 50 (05) 517-522
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 5 Tyler RS, Baker LJ. Difficulties experienced by tinnitus sufferers. J Speech Hear Disord 1983; 48 (02) 150-154
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 6 Mustafa SR, Munawar K. The Relationship of tinnitus with cognitive impairment in normal hearing individuals. J Islamabad Med Dent Coll 2017; 6 (04) 244-248
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 7 Karakaş S, Erdoğan E, Sak L. et al. Stroop Testi TBAG Formu: Türk kültürüne standardizasyon çalışmaları, güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Klinik Psikiyatri 1999; 2 (02) 75-88
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 8 MacLeod CM. The Stroop task: the” gold standard” of attentional measures. J Exp Psychol Gen 1992; 121 (01) 12-14
    CrossrefSuche in Google Scholar
  • 9 Andersson G, Eriksson J, Lundh LG, Lyttkens L. Tinnitus and cognitive interference: a stroop paradigm study. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000; 43 (05) 1168-1173
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 10 Araneda R, De Volder AG, Deggouj N. et al. Altered top-down cognitive control and auditory processing in tinnitus: evidences from auditory and visual spatial stroop. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2015; 33 (01) 67-80
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 11 Stevens C, Walker G, Boyer M, Gallagher M. Severe tinnitus and its effect on selective and divided attention. Int J Audiol 2007; 46 (05) 208-216
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 12 Rossiter S, Stevens C, Walker G. Tinnitus and its effect on working memory and attention. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2006; 49 (01) 150-160
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 13 Lin FR, Ferrucci L, Metter EJ, An Y, Zonderman AB, Resnick SM. Hearing loss and cognition in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Neuropsychology 2011; 25 (06) 763-770
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 14 Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss and incident dementia. Arch Neurol 2011; 68 (02) 214-220
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 15 Waechter S, Brännström KJ. The impact of tinnitus on cognitive performance in normal-hearing individuals. Int J Audiol 2015; 54 (11) 845-851
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 16 Sharma A, Mohanty M, Panda N, Munjal S. Impact of hearing loss on cognitive abilities in subjects with tinnitus. Neurol India 2022; 70 (02) 554-562
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 17 Gonendik ZA, Mujdeci B, Karakurt SE, Dere HH. Assessment of Stroop color word interference test-TBAG form performance in subjects with tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278 (05) 1403-1409
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 18 Gokay NY, Dal BT. Evaluation of stress and cognitive skills in individuals with tinnitus complaints. J Surg Med 2022; 6 (02) 158-161
    CrossrefSuche in Google Scholar
  • 19 Waechter S, Hallendorf L, Malmstein E, Olsson A, Brännström KJ. The impact of tinnitus on N-back performance in normal hearing individuals. J Am Acad Audiol 2019; 30 (03) 169-177
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 20 Waechter S, Wilson WJ, Brännström JK. The impact of tinnitus on working memory capacity. Int J Audiol 2021; 60 (04) 274-281
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 21 Nagaraj MK, Bhaskar A, Prabhu P. Assessment of auditory working memory in normal hearing adults with tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277 (01) 47-54
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 22 Waechter S, Wilson WJ, Magnusson M, Brännström KJ. Extended high-frequency hearing, but not tinnitus, is associated with every-day cognitive performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13: 913944
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 23 Mohamad N, Hoare DJ, Hall DA. The consequences of tinnitus and tinnitus severity on cognition: a review of the behavioural evidence. Hear Res 2016; 332: 199-209
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 24 Tegg-Quinn S, Bennett RJ, Eikelboom RH, Baguley DM. The impact of tinnitus upon cognition in adults: a systematic review. Int J Audiol 2016; 55 (10) 533-540
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 25 Selekler K, Cangoz B, Uluc S. Power of discrimination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) Scale in Turkish patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Turk Geriatri Derg 2010; 13 (03) 166-171
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 26 Aksoy S, Firat Y, Alpar R. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J 2007; 13 (02) 94-98
    PubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 27 Sezgin N, Baştug G, Yargici Karaagac S. et al. Wechsler Yetişkinler İçin Zekâ Ölçeği Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu WAIS-R Türkiye Standardizasyonu: Ön Çalışma. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 2014; 54 (01) 451-480
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 28 Beck AT, Ward C, Mendelson M. et al. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4 (06) 561-571
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 29 Hisli N. Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory: Turkish sample of psychiatric outpatients. Turk J of Psychol 1987; 6: 118-122
    Suche in Google Scholar
  • 30 Taljaard DS, Olaithe M, Brennan-Jones CG, Eikelboom RH, Bucks RS. The relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive function: a meta-analysis in adults. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 41 (06) 718-729
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 31 Jensen M, Hüttenrauch E, Müller-Mazzotta J, Stuck BA, Weise C. On the impairment of executive control of attention in chronic tinnitus: evidence from the attention network test. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414: 113493
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar
  • 32 Jackson JG, Coyne IJ, Clough PJ. A preliminary investigation of potential cognitive performance decrements in non-help-seeking tinnitus sufferers. Int J Audiol 2014; 53 (02) 88-93
    CrossrefPubMedSuche in Google Scholar