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DOI: 10.1055/a-2248-5229
Emetophobie: Die spezifische Phobie des Erbrechens – ein Case Report
Emetophobia – the Specific Phobia of Vomiting: a case reportZusammenfassung
Unter Emetophobie versteht man eine intensive und irrationale Angst vor dem Erbrechen. Sie zählt zu den spezifischen Phobien. Die Emetophobie ist eine bisher noch wenig erforschte Erkrankung. Über Ursachen und Prävalenz ist nur wenig bekannt, zudem fehlt es an systematisch gesichertem Wissen zur Behandlung. Die meisten Studien weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass die Emetophobie überwiegend Frauen betrifft, früh in der Kindheit beginnt, meist einen chronischen Verlauf nimmt, mit psychischen Komorbiditäten einhergeht und Betroffene oft aus Scham nicht von ihrem Leiden berichten. Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) mit Exposition und Reaktionsmanagement scheint das derzeit wirksamste Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung der Emetophobie. Wir berichten über den Fall einer 20-jährigen Frau, die initial wegen einer schweren depressiven Episode zur stationär-psychiatrischen Krankenhausbehandlung aufgenommen wurde. Das Erkennen der Emetophobie war dadurch erschwert, dass die Patientin aus Scham nicht spontan über ihre Symptome berichtete. Eine gründliche und strukturierte Anamneseerhebung ist daher unerlässlich, da Betroffene oft versuchen, ihre Symptome zu verheimlichen. Aus diesem Grunde wird die Erkrankung oft übersehen und meist erst spät diagnostiziert und behandelt. Unsere Patientin beklagte eine starke emotionale Belastung durch die Symptome der Emetophobie, zeigte Vermeidungs- und Sicherheitsverhalten und war in ihrer Lebensqualität und allgemeinen Funktionsfähigkeit erheblich eingeschränkt. Die Symptomatik unserer Patientin besserte sich nach Beginn der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie. Diese beinhaltete Wissensvermittlung durch Psychoedukation, eine Überprüfung und Korrektur dysfunktionaler Kognitionen, graduierte Expositionen sowie der Aufbau positiver Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen. Es besteht weiterer Bedarf an Forschung, um mehr über dieses noch recht unbekannte Krankheitsbild zu erfahren, das ebenso viel Leid und psychosoziale Einschränkungen versuchen kann wie andere schwere psychische Erkrankungen.
Abstract
Emetophobia is an intense and irrational fear of vomiting, and is classified as a specific phobia. However, this condition has been little researched to date, and little is known about its causes, prevalence, and validated treatments. Most studies indicate that emetophobia predominantly affects females, begins early in childhood, usually takes a chronic course, is associated with psychological comorbidities, and affected individuals often do not report their condition due to shame. Currently, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response management appears to be the most effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of emetophobia.We report the case of a 20-year-old woman who was initially admitted for inpatient psychiatric hospital treatment for a major depressive episode. Recognition of emetophobia was complicated by the patient's reluctance to spontaneously report her symptoms out of shame. Therefore, thorough and structured history taking is essential, as affected individuals often try to hide their symptoms. For this reason, the disease is often overlooked and usually diagnosed and treated late. Our patient complained of severe emotional distress due to the symptoms of emetophobia, exhibited avoidance and safety behaviors, and was significantly impaired in her quality of life and general functioning. However, our patient's symptomatology improved after starting cognitive behavioral therapy, which included psychoeducation, a review and correction of dysfunctional cognitions, graduated exposures, and building positive self-efficacy expectations.There is a need for further research to learn more about this still fairly unknown condition, which can cause as much suffering and psychosocial impairment as other severe mental illnesses.
Schlüsselwörter
Emetophobie - spezifische Phobie des Erbrechens - Erbrechen - kognitive Verhaltenstherapie - ExpositionstherapieKeywords
Emetophobia - Specific Phobia of Vomiting (SPOV) - vomiting - cognitive behavioral therapy - exposure therapyPublication History
Received: 16 July 2023
Accepted after revision: 12 January 2024
Article published online:
31 January 2024
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