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DOI: 10.1055/a-2264-2957
Eine systematische Analyse nosokomialer Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie
Zusammenfassung
Die Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie (ÖGD), die endoskopische retrograde Cholangiopankreatikografie (ERCP) sowie die Koloskopie (KOLO) bergen stets das Risiko einer Transmission von Erregern. Leider gibt es bislang nur wenige Daten zu den Ursachen und Erregerspektren für diese Ereignisse.
In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche der Worldwide Outbreak Database, der PubMed und der Embase wurden entsprechende Ausbrüche hinsichtlich der Ausbruchsursache, des Erregerspektrums, der Attack Rate und Letalität sowie der daraufhin eingeleiteten Hygienemaßnahmen evaluiert.
Es wurden insgesamt 73 Ausbrüche (ÖGD: 24; ERCP: 42; KOLO: 7) eingeschlossen mit Attack Rates in Höhe von 3,5%, 7,1% und 12,8%. Die zugehörigen Letalitäten betrugen 6,3%, 12,7% und 10,0%. Im Rahmen der ÖGD ereigneten sich vor allem Transmissionen von Enterobakterien mit einem großen Anteil multiresistenter Isolate. Via ERCP wurden überwiegend Nonfermenter übertragen. Die häufigste Ursache für die akzidentelle Verwendung kontaminierter Endoskope war menschliches Versagen während der Endoskopaufbereitung. Dem Anwender sollte das Risiko einer Übertragung stets bewusst sein, um diese frühestmöglich erkennen und fortan unterbinden zu können. Darüber hinaus müssen Mitarbeiter regelmäßig in der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten geschult werden. Die Verwendung von Einmalendoskopen senkt zwar das Übertragungsrisiko von Erregern, erhöht jedoch andererseits die Abfallmenge und ggf. auch die Kosten.
Publication History
Article published online:
29 August 2024
© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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