Homöopathie: therapeutische Wirksamkeit und Anwendung in der klinischen Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Homöopathie, die mit kleinen Dosen verschiedener Substanzen Selbstregulations- und Selbstheilungsprozesse anregen soll, ist seit dem 19. Jahrhundert populär. Heutzutage liegt die weltweite Prävalenz aller Anwendungen der Homöopathie im Bereich von 0,2–9,8% (bevölkerungsbezogene Erhebungen zur Anwendung komplementärer Therapien). In diesem Review werden Metaanalysen mit gepoolten Daten aus Placebo kontrollierten klinischen Studien zur Homöopathie und einige Diskussionsartikel zur klinischen Wirksamkeit der Homöopathie analysiert. Die Daten sowohl aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien als auch aus experimentellen Untersuchungen zeigen Wirkungen homöopathischer Mittel, die der modernen rationalen Grundlage der Medizin widersprechen. Systematische Übersichten von Placebo kontrollierten Studien zur Homöopathie berichteten, dass ihre Wirkungen mehr als Placebo zu sein scheinen. Es fehlt an schlüssigen Beweisen für die Wirksamkeit der Homöopathie bei den meisten Erkrankungen sowie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Die Homöopathie hat es bisher nicht vermocht, ihren Stellenwert durch die Anwendung evidenzbasierter Prinzipien zu demonstrieren. Zukünftige Studien sollten sich auf die Anwendung der Homöopathie bei bestimmten Krankheiten oder Krankheitsgruppen konzentrieren, anstatt Daten aus allen klinischen Studien erneut zu analysieren.

Abstract

Homeopathy, which uses small doses of various substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes, became popular in the 19^th century. Today, the worldwide prevalence of all use of homeopathy is within the range of 0.2–9.8% (population-based surveys on the use of complementary therapies). In this review, meta-analyses including pooled data from placebo-controlled clinical trials of homeopathy and some articles dealing with the clinical efficacy of homeopathy were analysed. Some data from both randomised, controlled trials and laboratory research demonstrate effects from homeopathic remedies that contradict the contemporary rational basis of medicine. Systematic reviews of placebo-controlled trials on homeopathy reported that homeopathy seems to achieve greater effects than placebo. There is a lack of conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of homeopathy for most conditions, including rheumatic diseases. To date, homeopathy has failed to demonstrate its value through the application of evidence-based principles. Future studies should focus on utilising scientific methods to study homeopathy in specific diseases or groups of diseases instead of re-analysing pooled data from clinical trials.

Schlüsselwörter

Homöopathie - Homöopathische Arzneimittel - Häufigkeit - Evidenz - rheumatische Erkrankungen

Key words

rheumatic diseases - homeopathic medicines - prevalence - systematic review - homeopathyArtikel online veröffentlicht 2024

Publication History

Article published online:
07 May 2024

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