Abstract
Background
The mutated enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 has been detected in various tumor entities such as gliomas and can convert α-ketoglutarate into the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). This neuro-oncologically significant metabolic product can be detected by MR spectroscopy and is therefore suitable for noninvasive glioma classification and therapy monitoring.
Method
This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the methodology and relevance of 1H-MR spectroscopy (MRS) in the oncological primary and follow-up diagnosis of gliomas. The possibilities and limitations of this MR spectroscopic examination are evaluated on the basis of the available literature.
Results and Conclusion
By detecting 2-HG, MRS can in principle offer a noninvasive alternative to immunohistological analysis thus avoiding surgical intervention in some cases. However, in addition to an adapted and optimized examination protocol, the individual measurement conditions in the examination region are of decisive importance. Due to the inherently small signal of 2-HG, unfavorable measurement conditions can influence the reliability of detection.
Key Points
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MR spectroscopy enables the non-invasive detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate.
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The measurement of this metabolite allows the detection of an IDH mutation in gliomas.
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The choice of MR examination method is particularly important.
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Detection reliability is influenced by glioma size, necrotic tissue and the existing measurement conditions.
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