Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2024; 24(03): 207-211
DOI: 10.1055/a-2295-9948
Schwerpunkt

Anstieg invasiver Erkrankungen durch Streptokokken und komplizierte Pneumonien zum Ende der COVID-19-Pandemie

Was war anders und warum?Increase in invasive diseases caused by streptococci and complicated pneumonias at the end of the COVID-19 pandemicWhat was different and why?
Tobias Ankermann
1   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Städtisches Krankenhaus Kiel gGmbH, Kiel
,
Johannes G. Liese
2   Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum und der Bayrischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg
› Author Affiliations

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Im Winter 2022/2023 kam es in Deutschland bei Kindern zu einer Zunahme von invasiven schweren bakteriellen Infektionserkrankungen und komplizierten Pneumonien mit Nachweis von S. pyogenes und S. pneumoniae. Dies ging nach Lockerung der Pandemie-bezogenen nicht-pharmakologischen Interventionen mit einem Wiederauftreten von Viren, wie RSV, Influenza und humanen Metapneumovirus, einher, die während der COVID-19-Pandemie kaum nachweisbar waren.

ABSTRACT

During the winter season 2022/23 an increase of severe bacterial infections and complicated pneumonia with detection of S. pyogenes was observed in children. This corresponded to a reemergence and increase of respiratory viruses, as RSV, Influenza and human metapneumovirus after stopping COVID-19 related non-pharmaceutical interventions which led to almost disappearance of transmittable acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19-pandemic.



Publication History

Article published online:
10 June 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG,
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 WHO. Increased incidence of scarlet fever and invasive Group A Streptococcus infection – multi-country. In: Disease Outbreak News.. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON429 WHO; 2022
  • 2 Liese JG, Streng A.. Pleuraempyeme und komplizierte parapneumonische Pleuraergüsse bei Kindern und Jugendlichen < 18 Jahren (12. Studienjahr, 01.07.2021 – 30.06.2022). In: Blomenkamp S, Cakir M, Heß A, Cutiño DP, Urschitz MS (eds). ESPED Jahresbericht 2022. Mainz: Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik der Universitätsmedizin Mainz 2022: 47-51
  • 3 Liese JG.. Comparison of incidence and severity of Streptococcus pyogenes-associated parapneumonic pleural effusion/empyema in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic – nationwide ESPED surveillance (Germany, 2010–2023). 2023
  • 4 Van der Linden M, Itzek A.. SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic induced changes in serotype prevalence among children with invasive pneumococcal diesease (IPD) in Germany. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Disease (ESPID) 8–12 May 2023. Lisbon & online: ESPID 2023:PD0016/#701
  • 5 Chow EJ, Uyeki TM, Chu HY. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity. Nature reviews Microbiology 2023; 21: 195-210
  • 6 Shaw D, Abad R, Amin-Chowdhury Z. et al Trends in invasive bacterial diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries and territories in the IRIS Consortium. The Lancet Digital health 2023; 05: e582-e93
  • 7 Methi F, Størdal K, Telle K. et al Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 0–5 Years for 2017/2023. Frontiers in pediatrics 2021; 09: 822985
  • 8 Terliesner N, Unterwalder N, Edelmann A. et al Viral infections in hospitalized children in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Association with non-pharmaceutical interventions. Frontiers in pediatrics 2022; 10: 935483
  • 9 Cozzi G, Molina RuizI, Giudici F. et al Pediatric Emergency Cases in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary-Level Emergency Setting. Frontiers in pediatrics 2022; 10: 918286
  • 10 Buchholz U, Lehfeld AS, Tolksdorf K. et al Respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of health monitoring 2023; 08: 20-38
  • 11 Losier A, Gupta G, Caldararo M, Dela Cruz CS. The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Respiratory Infections. Clinics in chest medicine 2023; 44: 407-423
  • 12 Engels G, Sack J, Weissbrich B. et al Very Low Incidence of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza and RSV but High Incidence of Rhino-, Adeno- and Endemic Coronaviruses in Children With Acute Respiratory Infection in Primary Care Pediatric Practices During the Second and Third Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2022; 41: e146-e8
  • 13 Janapatla RP, Chen CL, Dudek A. et al Serotype transmission dynamics and reduced incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by different serotypes after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. The European respiratory journal 2021; 58 (05) 2100978
  • 14 Danino D, Ben-Shimol S, van der Beek BA. et al Decline in Pneumococcal Disease in Young Children During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Israel Associated With Suppression of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses, Despite Persistent Pneumococcal Carriage: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022; 75: e1154-e64
  • 15 Rybak A, Levy C, Angoulvant F. et al Association of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Pneumococcal Carriage, and Respiratory Viral Infections Among Children in France. JAMA network open 2022; 05: e2218959
  • 16 Perniciaro S, van der Linden M, Weinberger DM. Reemergence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Germany During the Spring and Summer of 2021. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2022; 75: 1149-1153
  • 17 Wick M, Poshtiban A, Kramer R. et al Inpatient burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤ 2 years of age in Germany: A retrospective analysis of nationwide hospitalization data, 2019–2022. Influenza and other respiratory viruses 2023; 17: e13211
  • 18 Doenhardt M, Armann JP, Diffloth N. et al High burden of acute respiratory tract infections leading to hospitalization at German pediatric hospitals: fall/winter 2022–2023. Infection 2023; 52 (02) 525-534
  • 19 Moore DP, Dagan R, Madhi SA. Respiratory viral and pneumococcal coinfection of the respiratory tract: implications of pneumococcal vaccination. Expert review of respiratory medicine 2012; 06: 451-465
  • 20 Brunstein JD, Cline CL, McKinney S, Thomas E. Evidence from multiplex molecular assays for complex multipathogen interactions in acute respiratory infections. Journal of clinical microbiology 2008; 46: 97-102
  • 21 Manna S, McAuley J, Jacobson J. et al Synergism and Antagonism of Bacterial-Viral Coinfection in the Upper Respiratory Tract. mSphere 2022; 07: e0098421
  • 22 Madhi SA, Klugman KP, Vaccine Trialist G. A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nature medicine 2004; 10: 811-813
  • 23 Smith CM, Sandrini S, Datta S. et al Respiratory syncytial virus increases the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae by binding to penicillin binding protein 1a. A new paradigm in respiratory infection. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2014; 190: 196-207
  • 24 Dagan R, van der Beek BA, Ben-Shimol S. et al The COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity for unravelling the causative association between respiratory viruses and pneumococcus-associated disease in young children: a prospective study. EBioMedicine 2023; 90: 104493
  • 25 Ouldali N, Deceuninck G, Lefebvre B. et al Increase of invasive pneumococcal disease in children temporally associated with RSV outbreak in Quebec: a time-series analysis. Lancet regional health Americas 2023; 19: 100448
  • 26 Rocafort M, Henares D, Brotons P. et al Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Children and Adults Self-Confined at Home. Viruses 2022; 14 (07) 1521
  • 27 Willen L, Ekinci E, Cuypers L. et al Infant Pneumococcal Carriage in Belgium Not Affected by COVID-19 Containment Measures. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2021; 11: 825427
  • 28 Cohen R, Ashman M, Taha MK. et al Pediatric Infectious Disease Group (GPIP) position paper on the immune debt of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood, how can we fill the immunity gap?. Infectious diseases now 2021; 51: 418-423
  • 29 Messacar K, Baker RE, Park SW. et al Preparing for uncertainty: endemic paediatric viral illnesses after COVID-19 pandemic disruption. Lancet (London, England) 2022; 400: 1663-1665
  • 30 Oh KB, Doherty TM, Vetter V, Bonanni P. Lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions following the COVID-19 pandemic – the quiet before the storm?. Expert review of vaccines 2022; 21: 1541-1553
  • 31 McQuaid F, Mulholland R, Sangpang Rai Y. et al Uptake of infant and preschool immunisations in Scotland and England during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study of routinely collected data. PLoS medicine 2022; 19: e1003916
  • 32 Martínez-Marcos M, Zabaleta-Del-Olmo E, Gómez-Durán EL. et al Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on routine childhood vaccination coverage rates in Catalonia (Spain): a public health register-based study. Public health 2023; 218: 68-74
  • 33 Causey K, Fullman N, Sorensen RJD. et al Estimating global and regional disruptions to routine childhood vaccine coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet (London, England) 2021; 398: 522-534