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Nervenheilkunde 2024; 43(06): 332-339
DOI: 10.1055/a-2306-6120
Schwerpunkt

Geschichte der Anwendung von Psychedelika

History of applying psychedelics
Uwe Herwig
1   Zentrum für Psychiatrie Reichenau, Akad. Lehrkrankenhaus Universität Konstanz
2   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universität Ulm
3   Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich
4   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychedelische Forschung und Therapie (DGPFT e. V.)
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die menschliche Nutzung heute als psychedelisch bezeichneter Substanzen erfolgt bereits seit Jahrtausenden. Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung, zunächst pharmakologisch, später psychiatrisch, setzte ab Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts ein. Die ersten Überlegungen zur klinischen Anwendung insbesondere zur Unterstützung von Psychotherapien wurden ab Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts umgesetzt und erlebten eine breitere Anwendung in den 1950er- und 1960er-Jahren. Nach Entlegalisierung ab den 1970er-Jahren waren bis Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts nur wenige Studien insbesondere zu neurobiologischen Grundlagen erfolgt. Ab den 2000er-Jahren kam es zu neuen klinischen Studien mit einem steilen Anstieg in den letzten Jahren, besonders bezüglich der Anwendung von Psilocybin bei Depressionen. Heute findet eine breitere fachliche und gesellschaftliche Diskussion zu dem Thema statt und die Frage einer Einführung von Psychedelika in die klinische Psychiatrie in Deutschland steht im Raum.

ABSTRACT

Human used substances, nowadays called psychedelics, since millennia. Scientific exploration, first pharmacological, later psychiatric, started in the end of the 19th century. First considerations for a clinical use particularly for assisting psychotherapies were realized mid of 20th century and faced a broad application in the 1950 s and 1960 s. After de-legalization from the 1970 s on, only few studies particularly focusing on neurobiological aspects were performed till the end of the 20th century. From the 2000 s on, new clinical studies started with a strong rise in the last years with a focus on the application of psilocybin in depression. Today, there is a broader professional and social discussion upon the topic and the question regarding introducing psychedelics in psychiatric praxis also in Germany is presently addressed.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychedelika - Geschichte - Meskalin - LSD - Psilocybin

Key words

Psychedelics - history - mescaline - LSD - psilocybin


Publication History

Article published online:
11 June 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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