Neonatologische Bildgebung: Von Kontrastmittel-Ultraschall bis Bedside-MRT

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die Bildgebungsmodalität der ersten Wahl ist die Sonografie. Bei durch die Sonografie nicht zu beantwortenden Fragen kommt zur weiteren Abklärung die MRT zur Anwendung, die sich in den ersten Lebenswochen in der Regel sogar ohne Sedierung durchführen lässt. Neben der Sonografie ist jedoch auch die konventionelle Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax und, bei entsprechenden Fragestellungen, des Abdomens auch beim Neugeborenen unverzichtbar. Die Computertomografie kommt hingegen nur bei sehr wenigen, speziellen Fragestellungen wie z. B. in Notfallsituationen oder bei manchen konnatalen Lungenfehlbildungen zum Einsatz. In vielen Fällen lassen sich heutzutage jedoch auch pulmonale Fragestellungen durch die Magnetresonanztomografie beantworten. MRT-kompatible Transportinkubatoren vereinfachen den Umgang mit kritisch kranken Neugeborenen im MRT. Bettseitige MRT-Geräte für die neonatale Intensivstation sind inzwischen erhältlich, und ihr Einsatz wird derzeit geprüft.

ABSTRACT

In neonates radiation protection is even more important than in the pediatric population anyhow. The first line imaging modality is therefore sonography. For further imaging MRI is the method of choice, which can usually even be performed without sedation in the first weeks of life. Beyond sonography, plainfield views of the thorax and, if appropriate, of the abdomen are also essential in newborns. The radiation dose of a plainfield view is very low. Computed tomography, on the other hand, is only used in a few special cases, e. g. in emergency situations or in some cases of congenital lung malformation. With technical advances, however, in many cases even pulmonal questions can nowadays be answered by MRI. MRI-compatible transport incubators simplify the handling of critically ill neonates in MRI. Bedside MRI devices in the neonatal intensive care unit are now available and their use is being evaluated.

Schlüsselwörter

Bildgebung - Neonatologie - Niederfeld-MRT - Kontrastmittel-Sonografie

Keywords

Neonatal imaging - lowfield-MRI - contrast-enhanced sonography

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
09. August 2024

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