Solid-State Mechanochemical Clemmensen Reduction

Dedicated to Professor Dr. Hiriyakkanavar Ila on the occasion of her 80^th birthday

Abstract

Mechanochemical synthesis has emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional organic reactions, offering several advantages, including reduced solvent usage, lower reaction time, lower energy consumption, and enhanced reaction efficiency. In this study, the application of mechanochemistry to Clemmensen reduction, a classic method for converting aldehydes and ketones into alkanes, was explored. By employing ball milling as a mechanical activation, the feasibility and efficacy of mechanochemical Clemmensen reduction in various substrates were demonstrated. The results indicate that this approach offers comparable or improved yields and functional group compatibility compared to conventional methods while minimizing environmental impact. The reaction optimization strategies and scope of substrates are discussed, highlighting the potential of mechanochemical synthesis for sustainable organic transformations.

Key words

mechanochemistry - Clemmensen reduction - green chemistry - alkane synthesis - ball milling

Publication History

Received: 22 March 2024

Accepted after revision: 30 April 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
30 April 2024

Article published online:
21 May 2024

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