Ultraschall des fetalen Auges: Normale Anatomie, abnorme Befunde und klinische Bedeutung

Zusammenfassung

Bislang hat die Ultraschalluntersuchung der fetalen Augen in der Pränataldiagnostik keine große Rolle gespielt. Nationale und internationale Leitlinien beschränken sich im Allgemeinen auf die Dokumentation des Vorhandenseins der Augenhöhlen und der Linsen. In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten jedoch die hochauflösenden Ultraschallgeräte und das zunehmende Wissen in der Pränatalmedizin und Genetik die detaillierte pränatale Untersuchung des fetalen Auges. Dadurch lassen sich viele Augenfehlbildungen bereits vor der Geburt erkennen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die sonografische Anatomie des fetalen Auges und dessen vorgeburtliche Entwicklung. Zudem werden folgende Erkrankungen im Detail beleuchtet: Hypertelorismus, Hypotelorismus, Exophthalmie, Mikrophthalmie, Kolobom, Katarakt, persistierender hyperplastischer primärer Glaskörper, Netzhautablösung, Dakryozystozele und septooptische Dysplasie.

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