CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Neurol Surg Rep 2024; 85(02): e88-e95
DOI: 10.1055/a-2335-2738
Original Report

Clinical Research Primer for Medical Students: Overview and Illustrative Experiences

1   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
,
Tressie Stephens
1   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
,
Andrew H. Jea
1   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
,
Andrew M. Bauer
1   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
,
Ian F. Dunn
1   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
,
1   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Background The ability to participate in clinical scholarship is a foundational component of modern evidence-based medical practice, empowering improvement across essentially every aspect of clinical care. In tandem, the need for comprehensive exposure to clinical research has been identified as a critical component of medical student training and preparation for residency that is underserved by traditional undergraduate medical education models. The goal of the current work was to provide guidelines and recommendations to assist novice medical students in taking ownership of their research education.

Methods The Clinical Research Primer was composed from pooled research documents compiled by the study authors and our institutional neurosurgery student research group. The Primer was then structured as the natural evolution of a research project from its inception through the submission process.

Results We divided the foundational components of the Clinical Research Primer into seven domains, each representing a landmark in the development of a peer-reviewed study, and a set of skills critical for junior scholars to develop. These vital components included the following: pitching and designing clinical studies, developing a research workflow, navigating the Institutional Review Board, data collection and analysis, manuscript writing and editing, submission mechanics, and tracking research projects for career development.

Conclusion We anticipate that the tools included in the Clinical Research Primer will increase student research productivity and preparedness for residency. Although our recommendations are informed by our experiences within neurosurgery, they have been written in a manner that should generalize to almost any field of clinical study.



Publication History

Received: 17 April 2024

Accepted: 22 May 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
29 May 2024

Article published online:
14 June 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Stone C, Dogbey GY, Klenzak S, Van Fossen K, Tan B, Brannan GD. Contemporary global perspectives of medical students on research during undergraduate medical education: a systematic literature review. Med Educ Online 2018; 23 (01) 1537430
  • 2 Raborn LN, Janis JE. Current views on the new United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Pass/Fail Format: a review of the literature. J Surg Res 2022; 274: 31-45
  • 3 Langhammer CG, Garg K, Neubauer JA, Rosenthal S, Kinzy TG. Medical student research exposure via a series of modular research programs. J Investig Med 2009; 57 (01) 11-17
  • 4 Davis III TH, Wagner GS, Gleim G. et al. Problem-based learning of research skills. J Electrocardiol 2006; 39 (01) 120-128
  • 5 Sundar SJ, Whiting BB, Lubelski D, Steinmetz MP, Mroz TE, Benzel EC. Key factors for enhancing academic productivity and fostering mentorship in spine research: the Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health approach to sustaining success. Spine J 2024; 24 (01) 14-20
  • 6 Melendez MM, Xu X, Sexton TR, Shapiro MJ, Mohan EP. The importance of basic science and clinical research as a selection criterion for general surgery residency programs. J Surg Educ 2008; 65 (02) 151-154
  • 7 Meyer AM, Henderson A, McDonald CE, Keith JN. Factors associated with matching into surgical specialties. J Surg Res 2022; 270: 300-312
  • 8 Koller GM, Reardon T, Kortz MW. et al. Shared objective mentorship via virtual research and education initiatives for medical students and residents in neurosurgery: a systematic review and methodological discussion of the neurosurgery education and research virtual group experience. World Neurosurg 2023; 172: 20-33
  • 9 Lubelski D, Xiao R, Mukherjee D. et al. Improving medical student recruitment to neurosurgery. J Neurosurg 2019; 133 (03) 848-854
  • 10 Garfield E. The history and meaning of the journal impact factor. JAMA 2006; 295 (01) 90-93
  • 11 Garfield E. Journal impact factor: a brief review. CMAJ 1999; 161 (08) 979-980
  • 12 McNab M, Berry A, Skapetis T. The potential of a lecture series in changing intent and experience among health professionals to conduct research in a large hospital: a retrospective pre-post design. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19 (01) 124
  • 13 Gupta VS, Meier J, Nunez JH. et al. How we did it: implementing a trainee-focused surgical research curriculum and infrastructure. J Surg Educ 2022; 79 (01) 35-39
  • 14 Mun F, Scott AR, Cui D. et al. A comparison of orthopaedic surgery and internal medicine perceptions of USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21 (01) 255
  • 15 Elliott B, Carmody JB. Publish or perish: the research arms race in residency selection. J Grad Med Educ 2023; 15 (05) 524-527
  • 16 Gupta R, Chen J, Roth S. et al. Preresidency research output among US neurological surgery residents. J Neurosurg 2024; (e-pub ahead of print) DOI: 10.3171/2023.12.JNS231029.