Abstract
Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings are powerful methods for constructing C–C and C–N bonds, particularly through Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions. Although aryl iodides, bromides, and triflates are the most commonly used substrates, aryl chlorides are less frequently utilized due to their lower reactivity. However, they are appealing because they are readily available and inexpensive. This short review highlights recent developments on the Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig cross-couplings of aryl chlorides, using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with palladium and nickel.
1 Introduction
2 Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Couplings
2.1 Homogeneous Palladium Catalysis
2.2 Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysis
2.3 Homogeneous Nickel Catalysis
2.4 Heterogeneous Nickel Catalysis
3 Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Reactions
3.1 Homogeneous Palladium Catalysis
3.2 Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysis
3.3 Homogeneous Nickel Catalysis
3.4 Heterogeneous Nickel Catalysis
4 Conclusion
Key words
palladium catalysis - nickel catalysis - cross-coupling - aryl chloride - Buchwald–Hartwig amination - Suzuki–Miyaura coupling - homogeneous catalysis - heterogeneous catalysis
