SARS-CoV-2-Infection in People Addicted to Illegal Drugs – Is There a
                    Protective Effect of Opioid Maintenance Treatment?

Simon Kurzhals; Martin Schäfer; Udo Bonnet; Katrin Isbruch; Stefan Kühnhold; Jörg Timm; Michael Specka; Norbert Scherbaum

doi:10.1055/a-2345-7448

Pharmacopsychiatry, Table of Contents

Pharmacopsychiatry 2024; 57(05): 255-260
DOI: 10.1055/a-2345-7448

Original Paper

SARS-CoV-2-Infection in People Addicted to Illegal Drugs – Is There a Protective Effect of Opioid Maintenance Treatment?

Simon Kurzhals

¹Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Suchtmedizin und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Germany

,

Martin Schäfer

¹Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Suchtmedizin und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Germany

,

Udo Bonnet

²Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Ev. Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Germany

,

Katrin Isbruch

²Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Ev. Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Germany

,

Stefan Kühnhold

³Zentrum für Suchtmedizin, LWL-Kliniken Warstein und Lippstadt, Germany

,

Jörg Timm

⁴Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany

,

Michael Specka

⁵Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany

,

Norbert Scherbaum

⁵Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Introduction People addicted to illegal drugs were discussed as a risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infections, with increased susceptibility and a severe course of infection.

Methods In this study, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infections of drug-dependent persons admitted to inpatient detoxification treatment in five psychiatric hospitals was determined by implementing routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-testing at admission (9/2020) up to one year. Main substance-related diagnosis, comorbid respiratory disease, housing situation, and current opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) were documented. An age-matched control group of psychiatric inpatients without dependence from illegal drugs was established.

Results Data from 1675 patients (male 79.5%; mean age 39.5 years; opioid dependence 81.5% homelessness; 2.4%; chronic respiratory disease 6.3%) were included. Out of 1365 patients dependent on opioids, 50.2% were currently in OMT. Six (3 female; mean age 40.3 years) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR (0.36%), and none showed symptoms of COVID-19. All six were opioid dependent, 5 currently not in OMT. In the control group, 11 out of 1811 inpatients tested positive (0.61%).

Discussion The rate of SARS-CoV-2-infections in persons with dependence on illegal drugs was not increased compared to a control group of psychiatric patients. OMT is presumably a protective factor, e. g. in the participating cities, OMT facilities offered an easy access to vaccination programs. In contrast, drug addicts in the USA were severely affected by the pandemic. Differences between countries might partially be explained by social factors such as the higher availability of OMT in Germany and a much lower frequency of homelessness.

Keywords

opioid addiction - SARS-CoV-2 - risk factors - prevention - opioid maintenance treatment

Full Text

References

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