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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Ultrasound Int Open 2024; 10: a23899085
DOI: 10.1055/a-2389-9085
Review

Pancreatic ultrasound: An update of measurements, reference values, and variations of the pancreas

Jennifer Meier 
1   Department General Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Hospital Beau Site, Bern, Switzerland
,
Claudia Lucius 
2   Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology, IBD center, Policlinic Helios Klinikum Buch, Berlin, Germany
,
Kathleen Möller 
3   Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, Sana Hospital, Berlin, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN40656)
,
Christian Jenssen 
4   Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Maerkisch Oderland, Strausberg, Germany and Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Neuruppin, Germany
,
Constantinos Zervides 
5   Orama Medical Center, Limassol, Cyprus (Ringgold ID: RIN582255)
,
Anna Maria Gschmack 
6   Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN9175)
,
Yi Dong
7   Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Ringgold ID: RIN91603)
,
David Srivastava
8   Department of Emergency Medicine Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
,
Christoph F. Dietrich 
1   Department General Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Hospital Beau Site, Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract

Reliable and reproducible measurement methods have been established, and reference values are used in almost all scientific disciplines. Knowledge of reference values is crucial to distinguish physiological from pathological processes and, therefore, subsequently, for the clinical management of patients. Image storage and documentation of measurements and normal findings should be part of quality assurance in imaging. This paper aims to review the published literature and provide current knowledge of sonographic measurements and reference values of the pancreas. Moreover, the role of clinical influencing factors such as age, gender, constitution, and ethnicity is also analyzed.

Keywords

ultrasound measurements - reference values - pancreas - guideline - student


Publication History

Received: 11 October 2023

Accepted after revision: 09 August 2024

Article published online:
14 October 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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Bibliographical Record
Jennifer Meier, Claudia Lucius, Kathleen Möller, Christian Jenssen, Constantinos Zervides, Anna Maria Gschmack, Yi Dong, David Srivastava, Christoph F. Dietrich. Pancreatic ultrasound: An update of measurements, reference values, and variations of the pancreas. Ultrasound Int Open 2024; 10: a23899085.
DOI: 10.1055/a-2389-9085
 

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