Evaluation of E-Cigarette Use in Opioid-Dependent Patients in Maintenance Treatment

Abstract

Introduction As tobacco smoking decreases, the use of e-cigarettes is on the rise. There is a debate whether switching from smoking to the use of e-cigarettes might represent a harm reduction strategy for those who smoke tobacco heavily, a habit often observed in individuals with opioid dependence. The present study investigated the prevalence and patterns of tobacco smoking and e-cigarette use in patients in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and whether e-cigarette use contributed to the cessation of smoking tobacco.

Methods In 2014 (n=84) and in 2021 (n=128), patients from two OMT clinics of a psychiatric university hospital were interviewed

Results In both surveys, patients presented with a comparable average age (45.6 vs. 46.9 years of age), gender distribution (mainly male 71.4 vs. 75.8%), and length of OMT history (median: 66 vs. 55 months). The lifetime prevalence of e-cigarette use (45.2% in 2014 and 38.3% in 2021) was much higher than the current prevalence (4.9% and 7.8%, respectively). Few patients reported either a complete switch from smoking to the use of e-cigarettes (2014, n=1 vs. 2021, n=2) or the achievement of abstinence from smoking after a temporary use of e-cigarettes (2014, n=2 vs. 2021, n=1).

Discussion No increase in the use of e-cigarettes was observed in these groups of patients undergoing OMT. Presumably, harm reduction strategies relating to the use of e-cigarettes in this group need to be supported by motivational interventions. Given the high morbidity and mortality due to smoking, OMT clinics should offer professional help in reducing smoking.

Keywords

opioid maintenance treatment - opioid dependence - nicotine dependence - e-cigarette - harm reduction

Publication History

Received: 31 May 2024
Received: 30 August 2024

Accepted: 04 September 2024

Article published online:
30 October 2024

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