RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000155.xml
pferde spiegel 2025; 28(01): 35-45
DOI: 10.1055/a-2441-9619
DOI: 10.1055/a-2441-9619
CVE-Fortbildung
Afrikanische Pferdepest

Die Afrikanische Pferdepest ist in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen Afrikas südlich der Sahara endemisch und dort von immenser Bedeutung, wird aber allzu oft von der westlichen Welt als weit entfernt und wenig relevant abgetan. Ziel dieser Review ist es, einen Überblick über diese Erkrankung zu vermitteln und das Risiko eines Ausbruchs in Europa zu thematisieren.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
14. März 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Howell PG. The isolation and identification of further antigenic types of African horsesickness virus. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1962; 29: 139-149
- 2 Verwoerd DW, Huismans H, Erasmus BJ. Orbiviruses. In: Comprehensive virology, volume 14. New York (NY): Springer New York; 1979: 285-345
- 3 Calisher CH, Mertens PP. Taxonomy of African horse sickness viruses. Arch Virol Suppl 1998; 14: 3-11
- 4 Theiler A. South Africa Department of Agriculture. African horse sickness (Pestis equorum). Pretoria: Government Printer; 1921
- 5 Niedbalski W. Bluetongue virus in Europe: the current epidemiological situation. Med Weter 2022; 78: 109-114
- 6 McIntosh BM. Horsesickness antibodies in the sera of dogs in enzootic areas. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1955; 26: 269-272
- 7 MʼFadyean J. The susceptibility of the dog to African horsesickness. J Comp Pathol Ther 1910; 23: 27-33
- 8 Salama SA, Dardiri AH, Awad FI. et al. Isolation and identification of African horsesickness virus from naturally infected dogs in Upper Egypt. Can J Comp Med 1981; 45: 392-396
- 9 Alexander KA, Kat PW, House J. et al. African horse sickness and African carnivores. Vet Microbiol 1995; 47: 133-140
- 10 Binepal VS, Wariru BN, Davies FG. et al. An attempt to define the host range for African horse sickness virus (Orbivirus, Reoviridae) in east Africa, by a serological survey in some Equidae, Camelidae, Loxodontidae and Carnivore. Vet Microbiol 1992; 31: 19-23
- 11 Erasmus BJ, Young E, Pieterse LM. et al. The susceptibility of zebra and elephants to African horsesickness virus. In: Bryan JT, Gerber H. Hrsg. Equine Infectious Diseases. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Equine Infectious Disease. New Jersey: Vet Publ Inc; 1978: 409-413
- 12 Lubroth J. The complete epidemiologic cycle of African horse sickness: Our incomplete knowledge. Bluetongue, African Horsesickness and Related Orbiviruses, Proc 2nd Int Symp 1992: 197 – 204.
- 13 Fischer-Tenhagen C, Hamblin C, Quandt S. et al. Serosurvey for selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging black and white rhinoceros in Africa. J Wildl Dis 2000; 36: 316-323
- 14 Wilson EM, Holcombe SJ, Lamar A. et al. Incidence of transfusion reactions and retention of procoagulant and anticoagulant factor activities in equine plasma. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23: 323-328
- 15 Miller M, Buss P, Joubert J. et al. Serosurvey for selected viral agents in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in Kruger National Park, 2007. J Zoo Wildl Med 2011; 42: 29-32
- 16 Bayley TB. Notes on the horsesickness at the Cape of Good Hope, in 1854-’55. from official documents, compiled by a colonist i. e. Thomas Butterworth Charles Bayley, 1810 – 1871, by permission of His Excellency the Governor, Cape Town, Saul Solomon; 1856.
- 17 Mellor PS, Hamblin C. African horse sickness. Vet Res 2004; 35: 445-466
- 18 Burrage TG, Laegreid WW. African horsesickness: pathogenesis and immunity. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 17: 275-285
- 19 Laegreid WW, Skowronek A, Stone-Marschat M. et al. Characterization of virulence variants of African horsesickness virus. Virology 1993; 195: 836-839
- 20 Brown CC, Meyer RF, Grubman MJ. Presence of African Horse Sickness Virus in Equine Tissues, as Determined by in situ Hybridization. Vet Pathol 1994; 31: 689-694
- 21 Clift SJ, Penrith ML. Tissue and cell tropism of African horse sickness virus demonstrated by immunoperoxidase labeling in natural and experimental infection in horses in South Africa. Vet Pathol 2010; 47: 690-697
- 22 Laegreid WW, Burrage TG, Stone-Marschat M. et al. Electron microscopic evidence for endothelial infection by African horsesickness virus. Vet Pathol 1992; 29: 554-556
- 23 Wohlsein P, Pohlenz JF, Davidson FL. et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of African horse sickness viral antigen in formalin-fixed equine tissues. Vet Pathol 1997; 34: 568-574
- 24 Gómez-Villamandos JC, Sánchez C, Carrasco L. et al. Pathogenesis of African horse sickness: ultrastructural study of the capillaries in experimental infection. J Comp Pathol 1999; 121: 101-116
- 25 Schliewert EC, Hooijberg EH, Steyn JS. et al. Experimental infection with African Horse Sickness Virus in horses induces only mild temporal hematologic changes and acute phase reactant response. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83: 1-11
- 26 Schliewert EC, Hooijberg EH, Potgieter C. et al. African horse sickness causes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Equine Vet J 2024; 56: 52-53
- 27 Henning MW. Animal diseases in South Africa: being an account of the infectious diseases of domestic animals including a description of a number of diseases not reported in the previous edition. 3. Aufl.. Johannesburg: Central News Agency; 1956
- 28 Newsholme SJ. A morphological study of the lesions of African horsesickness. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1983; 50: 7-24
- 29 Maurer FD, McCully RM. African Horse Sickness, with Emphasis on Pathology. Am J Vet Res 1963; 24: 235-266
- 30 Erasmus BJ. The Pathogenesis of African horsesickness. In: Bryans JT, Gerber H. Hrsg. Equine Infectious Diseases III, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases, Paris 1972. Basel: S. Karger AG; 1974: 1-11
- 31 Maree S, Paweska JT. Preparation of recombinant African horse sickness virus VP7 antigen via a simple method and validation of a VP7-based indirect ELISA for the detection of group-specific IgG antibodies in horse sera. J Virol Methods 2005; 125: 55-65
- 32 Weyer CT, Joone C, Lourens CW. et al. Development of three triplex real-time reverse transcription PCR assays for the qualitative molecular typing of the nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2015; 223: 69-74
- 33 Bachanek-Bankowska K, Maan S, Castillo-Olivares J. et al. Real time RT-PCR assays for detection and typing of African horse sickness virus. PLoS One 2014; 9: e93758
- 34 Quan M, Lourens CW, MacLachlan NJ. et al. Development and optimisation of a duplex real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay targeting the VP7 and NS2 genes of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2010; 167: 45-52
- 35 Agüero M, Gómez-Tejedor C, Cubillo MA. et al. Real-Time Fluorogenic Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of African Horse Sickness Virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20: 325-328
- 36 Guthrie AJ, Maclachlan NJ, Joone C. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a duplex real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay for detection of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2013; 189: 30-35
- 37 Rodriguez-Sanchez B, Fernandez-Pinero J, Sailleau C. et al. Novel gel-based and real-time PCR assays for the improved detection of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2008; 151: 87-94
- 38 Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Garcia-Porrua C. et al. Steroid therapy improves endothelial function in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol 2006; 1: 74-78
- 39 Teichman BF von Dungu B, Smit TK. In vivo cross-protection to African horse sickness Serotypes 5 and 9 after vaccination with Serotypes 8 and 6. Vaccine 2010; 28: 6505-6517
- 40 Molini U, Marucchella G, Maseke A. et al. Immunization of horses with a polyvalent live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine: Serological response and disease occurrence under field conditions. Trials Vaccinol 2015; 4: 24-28
- 41 Weyer CT, Grewar JD, Burger P. et al. Dynamics of African horse sickness virus nucleic acid and antibody in horses following immunization with a commercial polyvalent live attenuated vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35: 2504-2510
- 42 Mirchamsy H, Taslimi H. Inactivated African horse sickness virus cell culture vaccine. Immunology 1968; 14: 81-88
- 43 Crafford JE, Lourens CW, Gardner IA. et al. Passive transfer and rate of decay of maternal antibody against African horse sickness virus in South African Thoroughbred foals. Equine Vet J 2013; 45: 604-607
- 44 Weyer CT, Grewar JD, Burger P. et al. African Horse Sickness Caused by Genome Reassortment and Reversion to Virulence of Live, Attenuated Vaccine Viruses, South Africa, 2004–2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22: 2087-2096
- 45 Joseph A, Rodriguez M, Raghavan R. et al. Inactivated African horse sickness vaccines. Equine Vet J 2021; S56: 51-52
- 46 Rodriguez M, Hooghuis H, Castano M. African horse sickness in Spain. Vet Microbiol 1992; 33: 129-142
- 47 Portas M, Boinas FS, Oliveira E Sousa J. et al. African horse sickness in Portugal: a successful eradication programme. Epidemiol Infect 1999; 123: 337-346
- 48 King S, Rajko-Nenow P, Ashby M. et al. Outbreak of African horse sickness in Thailand, 2020. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67: 1764-1767
- 49 Castillo-Olivares J. African horse sickness in Thailand: Challenges of controlling an outbreak by vaccination. Equine Vet J 2021; 53: 9-14
- 50 Department of veterinary services Malaysia. African Horse Sickness in Malaysia (Update and Control Measures, 2020). https://rr-asia.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/11/malaysia_ahs-situation_10nov2020.pdf Stand: 18.12.2024
- 51 Pedgley DE, Tucker MR. Possible spread of African horse sickness on the wind. J Hyg (London) 1977; 79: 279-298
- 52 Diaz Montilla R, Panos Marti P. Epizootologia de la peste equina en Espana. Bull Off Int Epizoot 1967; 68: 705-714
- 53 Diaz Yubero MA. Situacion de la Peste Equina. Epizootiological Inf No ESP 1987; 87: 145
- 54 [Anonym] Informe sobre la aparicion de un brote de peste equina en Malaga. Subdirecion General de Sanidad Animal, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, Espana 1990.
- 55 Rawlings P, Mellor PS. African horse sickness and the overwintering of Culicoides spp. in the Iberian peninsula. Rev Sci Tech 1994; 13: 753-761
- 56 Ozawa Y, Nakata G. Experimental Transmission of African Horse-Sickness by Means of Mosquitoes. Am J Vet Res 1965; 26: 744-748
- 57 Ozawa Y, Nakata G, Shad-del F. et al. Transmission of African horse-sickness by a species of mosquito, Aëdes aegypti linnaeus. Am J Vet Res 1966; 27: 695-697
- 58 Mullens BA, McDermott EG, Gerry AC. Progress and knowledge gaps in Culicoides ecology and control. Vet Ital 2015; 51: 313-323
- 59 Awad FI, Amin MM, Salama SA. et al. The role played by Hyalomma dromedarii in the trans- mission of African horse sickness virus in Egypt. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr 1981; 29: 337-340
- 60 Salma SA, El-Bakry M, Abdallah SK. et al. Isolation and identification of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) from camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii. Agric Res Rev 1987; 65: 917-923
- 61 Schuberg A, Kuhn P. Über die Übertragung von Krankheiten durch einheimische stechende Insekten. Arb Kais Gesundh 1912; 40: 209-234
- 62 Mellor PS, Boorman J, Baylis M. Culicoides biting midges: their role as arbovirus vectors. Annu Rev Entomol 2000; 45: 307-340
- 63 Wilson A, Mellor PS, Szmaragd C. et al. Adaptive strategies of African horse sickness virus to facilitate vector transmission. Vet Res 2009; 40: 16
- 64 Borkent A, Wirth WW. World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 1997; 233: 1-257
- 65 Du Toit RM. The transmission of blue-tongue and horse-sickness by Culicoides. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Anim Ind 1944; 19: 7-16
- 66 Purse BV, Mellor PS, Rogers DJ. et al. Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005; 3: 171-181
- 67 Ortega MD, Mellor PS, Rawlings P. et al. The seasonal and geographical distribution of Culicoides imicola, C. pulicaris group and C. obsoletus group biting midges in central and southern Spain. Arch Virol Suppl 1998; 14: 85-91
- 68 Guichard S, Guis H, Tran A. et al. Worldwide niche and future potential distribution of Culicoides imicola, a major vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9: e112491
- 69 Wittmann EJ, Baylis M. Climate change: effects on culicoides-transmitted viruses and implications for the UK. Vet J 2000; 160: 107-117
- 70 Hoover KC, Barker CM. West Nile virus, climate change, and circumpolar vulnerability. WIREs Climate Change 2016; 7: 283-300
- 71 Calistri P, Giovannini A, Hubalek Z. et al. Epidemiology of West Nile in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin. Open Virol J 2010; 4: 29-37
- 72 Paz S. Climate change impacts on West Nile virus transmission in a global context. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370: 20130561
- 73 Hennessy K, Quinn K. The Future of the Irish Sport Horse Industry: Analysis and Recommendations. Maynooth (IE): Irish Sport Board; 2007
- 74 Thompson GM, Jess S, Murchie AK. A review of African horse sickness and its implications for Ireland. Ir Vet J 2012; 65: 9
- 75 Mourits MCM. An introduction of African Horse Sickness in the Netherlands; what to expect? Book of Abstracts of the 13th International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Belgium, Netherlands; 2012: 54.
- 76 Allison K, Taylor N, Upton M. et al. African Horse Sickness impact on the UK horse industry. The potential effects on businesses, horses and horse owners. Reading: University of Reading; 2009
- 77 Sabirovic M, Lopez M, Patel K. et al. African Horse Sickness: Potential Risk Factors and the Likelihood for the Introduction of the Disease to the United Kingdom. Food and Farming Group, Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2008). https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20130402151656/http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/monitoring/documents/ahs_uk081106.pdf Stand: 10.12.2024
- 78 Zimmerli U, Herholz C, Schwermer H. et al. Afrikanische Pferdepest und equine Encephalosis: Muss sich die Schweiz vorbereiten?. Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 2010; 152: 165-175
- 79 Faverjon C, Leblond A, Hendrikx P. et al. A spatiotemporal model to assess the introduction risk of African horse sickness by import of animals and vectors in France. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11: 127
- 80 Martínez-López B, Perez AM, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM. Identifying equine premises at high risk of introduction of vector-borne diseases using geo-statistical and space-time analyses. Prev Vet Med 2011; 100: 100-108
- 81 Vos CJ de Hoek CA, Nodelijk G. Risk of introducing African horse sickness virus into the Netherlands by international equine movements. Prev Vet Med 2012; 106: 108-122
- 82 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut & Bundesamt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Veterinärwesen. Radar Bulletin April 2020. https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00059663?q=April%25202020 Stand: 18.12.2024