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Neuropediatrics
DOI: 10.1055/a-2442-5810
Short Communications

Management of Critically Ill Children with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis during an H1N1 Outbreak in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital: A Series of Three Cases and Literature Review

Annalisa D'Eleuterio
1   Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
,
Paolo Rufini
1   Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
,
Manuela L'Erario
1   Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
,
Gabriele Simonini
2   Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, ERN ReCONNET Center, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
3   Department of Neuroscience, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
,
Carlotta Montagnani
4   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
5   Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Stefano Ermini
6   Department of Oncology and Hematology, Blood Transfusion Service, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
,
Silvia Ricci
5   Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
7   Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Immunology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
,
Luca Bartolini
3   Department of Neuroscience, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
8   Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Zaccaria Ricci 
1   Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
5   Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
› Institutsangaben Funding None.
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Abstract

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a severe neurological condition that is diagnosed clinically and upon specific radiological imaging. Medical treatment of this condition is uncertain, and timing is likely very important to minimize brain damage and systemic inflammation. The present case series describes three patients suffering from ANE secondary to influenza A/H1N1 infection during a recent outbreak, treated with increasingly aggressive anti-inflammatory approach, and with significantly different outcomes.

Keywords

acute necrotizing encephalopathy - critically ill children - immunomodulation - influenza A

Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 09. August 2024

Angenommen: 14. Oktober 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
17. Oktober 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
11. November 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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