Neoteric Solvents for Metal-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions

Vincenzo Langellotti; Massimo Melchiorre; Maria Elena Cucciolito; Roberto Esposito; Francesco Ruffo

doi:10.1055/a-2464-7776

SynOpen, Table of Contents

CC BY 4.0 · SynOpen 2025; 09(01): 25-63
DOI: 10.1055/a-2464-7776

graphical review

Neoteric Solvents for Metal-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions

Vincenzo Langellotti‡

^aDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, University Campus of Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy

,

Massimo Melchiorre‡

^aDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, University Campus of Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy

^bISusChem SRL, Piazza Carità 32, 80134 Naples, Italy

,

Maria Elena Cucciolito

^aDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, University Campus of Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy

^cInteruniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy

,

Roberto Esposito

^aDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, University Campus of Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy

^cInteruniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy

,

Francesco Ruffo∗

^aDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, University Campus of Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy

^cInteruniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy

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Abstract

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Abstract

Catalysis is a green methodology aimed at optimizing synthetic procedures by simplifying the design of target molecules and reducing energy and material consumption. However, catalytic reactions often rely on polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetonitrile, which present environmental and health issues. In response, manufacturers and researchers are exploring greener alternatives derived from residual biomass, which reduce the negative environmental impact of traditional solvents. These new classes of solvents are termed ‘neoteric’ in order to distinguish them from traditional solvents with well-established applications. This graphical review highlights key findings on the use of these new solvents in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Key words

coupling - catalysis - green chemistry - solvents - biomass

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References

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