Why Current Detection of Vascular Calcification Falls Short and How to Improve on It

Anouk Gentier; Mueez Aizaz; Maurice Halder; Alexandru Florea; Ingrid Dijkgraaf; Felix M. Mottaghy; Tilman Hackeng; M Eline Kooi

doi:10.1055/a-2495-1444

TH Open, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY 4.0 · TH Open 2024; 08(04): e340-e349
DOI: 10.1055/a-2495-1444

Review Article

Why Current Detection of Vascular Calcification Falls Short and How to Improve on It

Anouk Gentier

¹Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,

Mueez Aizaz

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

³Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,

Maurice Halder

⁴Department for Renal and Hypertensive, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases (Department of Medicine II), RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany

,

Alexandru Florea

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

³Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

⁵Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

,

Ingrid Dijkgraaf

¹Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

³Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,

Felix M. Mottaghy

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

³Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

⁵Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

,

Tilman Hackeng

¹Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,

M Eline Kooi

²Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

³Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Vascular calcification is a common phenomenon in various vascular diseases, where its presence heralds increased occurrence of adverse disease events, which invariably lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Although the impact of calcification has become apparent, adequate and early detection of the most damaging form of early microcalcification is still in its infancy, preventing reliable identification of locations that would benefit from intervention. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art noninvasive calcification imaging and its persisting limitations. We discuss promising approaches that may address these limitations in the future. In this context particular attention will be paid to imaging modalities such as CT, PET, and ultrasonography and molecular and cellular mechanisms and agents involved in physiological bone formation.

Keywords

imaging - cardiovascular disease - noninvasive imaging - early detection - vascular calcification

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