Mentale Gesundheit von Frauen nach der Geburt: Stationäre Familienzimmer als Ressource? Eine Pilotstudie

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung

Soziale Unterstützung ist ein zentraler Faktor für die mentale Gesundheit. Diese kann im stationären geburtshilflichen Setting durch Familienzimmer optimal ermöglicht werden. Familienzimmer existieren jedoch bisher nicht flächendeckend, ebenso fehlen Studien zum Einfluss eines Familienzimmers auf die Psyche. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die mentale Gesundheit von Frauen mit und ohne Unterbringung in einem Familienzimmer auf einer geburtshilflichen Station in einem Perinatalzentrum erstmalig im deutschsprachigen Raum untersucht.

Methode

113 Patientinnen beantworteten 1–3 Tage postpartal standardisierte Fragebögen zu Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität, psychischem Wohlbefinden und posttraumatischen Stresssymptomen. Zudem wurden geburtshilfliche Daten wie Geburtsmodus, Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskomplikationen erhoben. Die Rekrutierung während strikter pandemischer Besuchsrestriktionen ermöglichte die Gegenüberstellung von Frauen im Familienzimmer (konstante Anwesenheit des Partners) und Frauen ohne Familienzimmer (ohne jeglichen Besuch).

Ergebnisse

In der Gesamtstichprobe zeigte sich v. a. Ängstlichkeit (22,6%) sowie ein mangelndes psychisches Wohlbefinden (33,6%). Die beiden Gruppen unterschieden sich hinsichtlich ihrer mentalen Gesundheit nicht voneinander, jedoch wiesen Frauen mit Geburtskomplikationen sowie einem ungeplantem Geburtsmodus im Familienzimmer signifikant geringere Ängstlichkeitswerte auf als Frauen ohne Familienzimmer. Frauen mit Geburtskomplikationen wiesen insgesamt höhere posttraumatische Stresssymptome auf. Signifikante Unterschiede gab es außerdem in den geburtshilflichen Parametern: Im Familienzimmer waren Frauen häufiger Primipara und sie unterschieden sich in der Häufigkeit ihrer Geburtskomplikationen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die vorliegende Pilotstudie liefert erste Hinweise für einen psychoprotektiven Effekt von Familienzimmern auf die Ängstlichkeit bei Patientinnen mit vorausgegangenen Komplikationen und ungeplanten Geburtsverläufen. Eine Diskussion über den Ausbau von Familienzimmern, besonders für Patientinnen nach peripartalen Komplikationen, erscheint notwendig. Weitere Studien zur Wirksamkeit von stationären Familienzimmern sind erforderlich, um die Generalisierbarkeit auf andere Risikogruppen und Fachbereiche zu überprüfen.

Abstract

Background

Social support is a key factor in mental health. Obstetric wards can promote social support by providing family rooms. Family rooms are not yet universally accessible. Studies on their influence on the maternal psyche are also lacking. The present study examines the mental health of women with and without accommodation in a family room on an obstetric ward.

Methods

113 patients filled in standardized scales on anxiety, depression, psychological well-being and post-traumatic stress symptoms 1–3 days postpartum. In addition, obstetric data of birth mode, pregnancy and birth complications were collected. Recruitment during strict pandemic visiting restrictions made it possible to compare women in the family room (constant presence of the partner) and women without a family room (without any visits).

Results

In the overall sample, anxiety (22.6%) and lack of psychological well-being (33.6%) were particularly evident. The two groups did not differ in terms of mental health, but women with birth complications and an unplanned birth mode in the family room had significantly lower anxiety scores than women without a family room.Women with birth complications exhibited higher post-traumatic stress symptoms overall. Additionally, women in the family room were significantly more often primipara, they more often had an unplanned birth mode and they differed in the frequency of their birth complications.

Conclusions

This study provides first evidence for a psychoprotective influence of family rooms on anxiety in patients with previous complications and unplanned birth modes. A discussion on promoting family rooms, especially for patients with peripartal complications, appears necessary. Further studies on the effectiveness of family rooms are required.

Schlüsselwörter

Familienzimmer - postpartale Ängstlichkeit - soziale Unterstützung - Geburtskomplikationen - Geburtsmodus

Keywords

family room - postpartum anxiety - social support - childbirth complication - birth mode

Publication History

Received: 01 August 2024

Accepted: 02 January 2025

Article published online:
14 February 2025

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