Gesunder Lebensstil zur Prävention der koronaren Herzerkrankung

Zusammenfassung

Trotz einer fortschrittlichen und teuren Gesundheitsversorgung schneidet Deutschland in der kardiovaskulären Prävention im internationalen Vergleich schlecht ab, was zu erhöhten Krankenhausaufenthalten und Sterblichkeitsraten führt. Durch einen gesunden Lebensstil mit regelmäßiger Bewegung, überwiegend pflanzlicher Ernährung, Nichtrauchen, gutem Schlaf und psychischer Gesundheit werden zeitgleich mehrere Risikofaktoren wie Bluthochdruck oder Adipositas reduziert und positive kardiovaskuläre Effekte erreicht. Ein politischer Vorstoß, den Defiziten in der Prävention zu begegnen, wurde mit der Entwicklung des „Gesundes-Herz-Gesetzes“ (GHG) vorgenommen. Es sind aber noch weiterführende Maßnahmen der Verhältnisprävention notwendig, wie eine Ausweitung der Nichtraucherschutzgesetze sowie eine intensive Anleitung zu Lebensstilmodifikationen, insbesondere bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen. Zusätzlich sollten individuelle Maßnahmen mithilfe neuer Technologien ergriffen werden, um einen gesunden Lebensstil zu fördern. Hierzu müssen Fachkräfte ausgebildet werden, die Patienten bei Lebensstilmodifikationen unterstützen.

Abstract

Despite an advanced and expensive healthcare system, Germany performs poorly in cardiovascular prevention compared to other countries, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality. A healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a predominantly plant-based diet, non-smoking, good sleep and mental health can simultaneously reduce several risk factors such as high blood pressure or obesity and achieve positive cardiovascular effects. The German Ministry of Health recently developed the “Gesundes-Herz-Gesetz” (GHG) to implement better preventive measures in Germany. However, further efforts are needed, such as an extension of the Non-Smoker Protection Act, as well as a better public education on lifestyle modification, focused on young and socially disadvantaged people. In addition, individual measures should be taken with the help of new technologies to promote a healthy lifestyle. Education of health care professionals that support patients to improve risk factor control is crucial.

Schlüsselwörter

Prävention - gesunder Lebensstil - Lebensstilmodifikation - koronare Herzerkrankung

Keywords

prevention - healthy lifestyle - coronary heart disease - lifestyle modification

• Literatur

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