Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries in Various Types of Athletics

Abstract

Objective

This study is devoted to the investigation of the prevention and treatment of sports injuries in various types of athletics. The main purpose of the study was to identify effective methods of injury prevention and treatment, and to analyse the factors influencing the risk of their occurrence.

Material and Methods

The study involved 200 athletes of various ages and training levels participating in running, jumping, and throwing. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires of athletes, medical examinations, and analysis of medical records. The questionnaires included questions about the frequency and types of injuries, prevention and treatment methods, and risk factors such as training intensity and the use of protective equipment.

Results

Statistical analysis of the data showed that the most common injuries in athletes are sprains, muscle tears, fractures, and dislocations. It was found that runners most often suffer from knee and ankle injuries, jumpers – from back and lower limb injuries, and throwers – from injuries to the shoulder girdle and elbow joints. Effective prevention methods include regular warm-ups and cool down exercises, strengthening muscles and ligaments, using protective equipment and adjusting exercise technique. The treatment of injuries varies depending on their severity and includes conservative methods, physiotherapy, medication and, if necessary, surgery. The study also found that injury risk factors include the frequency and intensity of training, improper exercise technique, and lack of recovery time. Socio-economic status and access to medical care also play an important role.

Conclusions

The findings of the study emphasise the need for an integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of sports injuries. Regular preventive measures, attention to exercise techniques and timely treatment contribute to reducing the risk of injury and improving the recovery of athletes.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Prävention und Behandlung von Sportverletzungen in verschiedenen Sportarten. Hauptziel der Studie war es, effektive Methoden zur Prävention und Behandlung von Verletzungen zu ermitteln und die Faktoren zu analysieren, die das Verletzungsrisiko beeinflussen.

Materialien und Methoden

An der Studie nahmen 200 Athletinnen und Athleten unterschiedlichen Alters und Trainingsniveaus teil, die an Lauf-, Sprung- und Wurfbewerben teilnahmen. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels von den Teilnehmern ausgefüllten Fragebögen, medizinischer Untersuchungen und der Analyse von Krankenakten. Die Fragebögen umfassten Fragen zur Häufigkeit und Art der Verletzungen, zu Präventions- und Behandlungsmethoden sowie zu Risikofaktoren wie Trainingsintensität und Verwendung von Schutzausrüstung.

Ergebnisse

Die statistische Analyse der Daten zeigte, dass die häufigsten Verletzungen bei Athletinnen und Athleten Distorsionen, Muskelrisse, Frakturen und Luxationen sind. Als häufigste Verletzungen fanden sich bei Läuferinnen und Läufern Knie- und Knöchelverletzungen, bei Springerinnen und Springern Rückenverletzungen und Verletzungen der unteren Extremität und bei Werferinnen und Werfern Verletzungen des Schultergürtels und der Ellbogengelenke. Effektive Präventionsmethoden umfassen regelmäßige Warm-up- und Cool-down-Übungen, die Stärkung von Muskeln und Bändern, die Verwendung von Schutzausrüstung sowie die Anpassung der Übungstechnik. Die Therapie von Verletzungen ist je nach Schweregrad unterschiedlich und umfasst konservative Verfahren, Physiotherapie, Medikamente und ggf. eine operative Versorgung. Als Risikofaktoren für Verletzungen wurden in der Studie die Häufigkeit und Intensität des Trainings, eine falsche Trainingstechnik und ein Mangel an Erholungszeit festgestellt. Zudem spielen der sozioökonomische Status und der Zugang zur medizinischen Versorgung eine wichtige Rolle.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit eines integrierten Ansatzes bei der Prävention und Behandlung von Sportverletzungen. Regelmäßige Präventivmaßnahmen, die richtige Anwendung von Übungstechniken und eine rechtzeitige Behandlung tragen zur Verringerung des Verletzungsrisikos und zur schnelleren Wiederherstellung von Athletinnen und Athleten bei.

Keywords

short-distance running - long jump - shot putting - ankle sprains - muscle tears

Schlüsselwörter

Kurzstreckenlauf - Weitsprung - Kugelstoßen - Verstauchungen des Knöchels - Muskelrisse

Publication History

Received: 02 October 2024

Accepted after revision: 03 February 2025

Article published online:
19 March 2025

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