Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of the THP Derivative of (Z)-2-Butene-1,4-diol with Arenediazonium Salts and the Synthesis of β-Aryl-γ-butyrolactones

Abstract

The reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with the THP derivative of (Z)-2-butene-1,4-diol in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ in MeOH at 35 ˚C gives 4-aryl-2-methoxytetrahydrofurans in good to high yields. The reaction tolerates a variety of useful functional groups including ester, keto, cyano, nitro, chloro, and bromo functionalities as well as ortho substituents. Based on this process, γ-aryl-β-butyrolactone derivatives can be prepared via a sequential palladium-catalyzed arylation-cyclization-oxidation protocol that omits the isolation of 4-aryl-2-methoxytetrahydro­furan intermediates.

arenediazonium salts - palladium - Mizoroki-Heck ­reaction - tetrahydrofurans - allylic alcohols

References and Notes

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The stereochemistry of 5b was assigned by NMR analysis. That of the other 4-aryl-2-methoxytetrahydrofuran derivatives has been assigned based on these data.

Alternatively, as suggested by one of the referees, 5b might arise from 4b via proton loss and addition of MeOH to the resultant dihydrofuran (although no evidence was attained of the formation of such an intermediate). The tendency of furanols 1 to dehydrate upon distillation has been described:

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11

Preparation of 4-Aryl-2-methoxytetrahydrofuran (5) via Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates 2 with the THP Derivative of ( Z )-2-Buten-1,4-diol (6) - Typical Procedure To a stirred solution of 6 (128.2 mg, 0.50 mmol) and Pd(OAc)₂ (5.6 mg, 0.025 mmol) in anhyd MeOH (4.0 mL), 2a (221.9 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added at r.t. under argon. The reaction mixture was warmed at 35 ˚C and stirred for 1 h (the reactor was protected from light with aluminium film). After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O, washed with a sat. NaHCO₃ solution, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel [n-hexane-EtOAc, 75:25 (v/v)] to afford 75.2 mg (72% yield) of 5a as an approximately 60:40 diastereomeric mixture. The cis-isomer was isolated and characterized.
Oil. IR (neat): 2940, 1606, 1077 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.25 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H), 6.87 (d, J = 8.6 Hz,
2 H), 5.19-5.15 (dd, J ₁ = 5.5 Hz, J ₂ = 3.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.17 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.76-3.71 (m, 1 H), 3.45 (s, 3 H), 3.39-3.32 (m, 1 H), 2.70-2.52 (m, 1 H), 2.00-1.85 (m, 1 H). ^¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 158.4, 133.2, 128.7, 114.0, 110.8, 105.9, 73.2, 55.3, 55.0, 43.6, 41.2. MS: m/z (%) = 208 (18) [M⁺], 177 (22), 147 (68).

12

Preparation of β-Aryl-γ-butyrolactones 13 from Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates 2 and the THP Derivative of ( Z )-2-Buten-1,4-diol (6) via a Sequential Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation-Cyclization-Oxidation Protocol - Typical Procedure To a stirred solution of 6 (128.2 mg, 0.50 mmol) and Pd(OAc)₂ (5.6 mg, 0.025 mmol) in anhyd MeOH (4.0 mL), 2b (250.0 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added at r.t. under argon. The reaction mixture was warmed at 35 ˚C and stirred for 45 min (the reactor was protected from light with aluminium film). After this time, the reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O, washed with a sat. NaHCO₃ solution, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was filtrated through a short bed of SiO₂ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) and MCPBA (123.3 mg, 0.5 mmol; a commercially available 70% MCPBA was used) and BF₃˙OEt₂ (25 µL, 0.2 mmol) were added. The cloudy reaction mixture was allowed to stir at r.t. for 24 h and then poured into an NaHSO₃ aq solution. The organic layer was removed, and the aqueous layer was washed with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was washed with aq NaHCO₃ , dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel
[n-hexane-EtOAc, 75:25 (v/v)] to afford 81.4 mg (74%)
of 13b.
Mp 78-80 ˚C. IR (KBr): 1778, 1714, 1282, 1012 cm^-¹. ^¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 8.02 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 4.68 (dd, J ₁ = 8.8 Hz, J ₂ = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.28 (dd, J ₁ = 8.9 Hz, J ₂ = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 3 H), 3.86 (qp, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.96 (dd, J ₁ = 9.1 Hz, J ₂ = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.68 (dd, J ₁ = 8.8 Hz, J ₂ = 17.2 Hz, 1 H). ^¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 175.9, 166.5, 144.7, 130.4, 129.7, 126.8, 73.6, 52.2, 41.0, 35.5. MS: m/z (%) = 220 (14) [M⁺], 162 (59), 131 (100), 77 (89).