Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088165
Synthesis of Higher Helicenes via Olefin Metathesis and C-H Activation
Publication History
Publication Date:
25 March 2009 (online)
Abstract
Functionalized heterohelicenes were prepared using sequential olefin metathesis and direct arylation reactions. Functionalization via C-H activation always occurs at the least hindered position of the [5]helicene carbon skeleton. Attempts at blocking the least hindered positions to force arylation at the interior of the helicene skeleton result in decomposition of the starting material. Installation of larger aromatic groups via arylation can form helicenes albeit with limited solubility in common organic solvents.
Key words
helicene - olefin metathesis - C-H activation - heterohelicene - arylation
-
1a
Schmuck C. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42: 2448 -
1b
Hopf H. Classics in Hydrocarbon Chemistry Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2000. p.321-330 -
1c
Vögtle F. Fascinating Molecules in Organic Chemistry Wiley; New York: 1992. p.156-180 -
1d
Meurer KP.Vögtle F. Top. Curr. Chem. 1985, 127: 1 -
1e For some examples of optical or
electronic properties of helicenes see:
Martin RH. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1974, 13: 649 -
1f
Hu Y.Wex B.Perkovic MW.Neckers DC. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 2251 -
1g
Katz TJ. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 1921 -
1h For examples of medicinal
properties see:
Grimme S.Harren L.Sobanski A.Vögtle F. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 1491 -
1i
Honzawa S.Okubo H.Anzai S.Yamaguchi M.Tsumoto K.Kumagai I. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2002, 10: 3213 -
1j
Xu Y.Zhang XY.Sugiyama H.Umano T.Osuga H.Tanaka K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 6566 - For a recent review of helicene synthesis see:
-
2a For other recent examples
see:
Urbano A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42: 3986 -
2b
Harrowven DC.Guy IL.Nanson L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 2242 -
2c
Dubois F.Gingras M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 5039 -
2d
Zhang Y.Petersen JL.Wang KK. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 1285 -
2e
Rajca A.Rajca S.Pink M.Miyasaka M. Synlett 2007, 1799 -
2f
Ichikawa J.Yokota M.Kudo T.Umezaki S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 4870 -
3a
Kagan H.Moradpour A.Nicoud JF.Balavoine G.Martin RH.Cosyn JP. Tetrahedron Lett. 1971, 12: 2479 -
3b
Martin RH.Baes M. Tetrahedron 1975, 31: 2135 -
3c
Moradpour A.Kagan H.Baes M.Morren G.Martin RH. Tetrahedron 1975, 31: 2139 -
3d
Martin RH.Morren G.Schurter JJ. Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 10: 3683 -
4a
Carreno MC.Gonzalez-Lopez M.Urbano A. Chem. Commun. 2005, 611 -
4b
Carreno MC.Garcia-Cerrada S.Urbano A. Chem.-Eur. J. 2003, 9: 4118 -
4c
Carreno MC.Garcia-Cerrada S.Urbano A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 7929 -
4d
Paruch K.Vyklicky L.Katz TJ. Org. Synth. 2003, 80: 233 -
4e
Paruch K.Vyklicky L.David Z.Katz TJ.Incarvito C.Zakharov L.Rheingold AL. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68: 8539 -
4f
Willmore ND.Liu L.Katz TJ. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31: 1093 -
4g
Carreno MC.Enriquez A.Garcia-Cerrada S.Sanz-Cuesta MJ.Urbano A.Maseras F.Nonell-Canals A. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14: 603 - For the use of [2+2+2] cycloadditions to access helicenes see:
-
5a
Míšek J.Teplý F.Stará IG.Tichý M.Šaman D.Císařová I.Vojtíšek P.Starý I. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 3188 -
5b
Stará IG.Starý I.Kollárovic A.Teplý F.Vyskočil .Šaman D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 1993 -
5c
Teplý F.Stará IG.Starý I.Kollárovic A.Šaman D.Rulíšek L.Fiedler P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 9175 -
5d
Sehnal P.Krausova Z.Teply F.Stara IG.Stary I.Rulisek L.Saman D.Cisarova I. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73: 2074 -
5e
Stary I.Stara IG.Alexandrova Z.Sehnal P.Teply F.Saman D.Rulisek L. Pure Appl. Chem. 2006, 78: 495 -
5f
Stara IG.Alexandrova Z.Teply F.Sehnal P.Stary I.Saman D.Budesinsky M.Cvacka J. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 2547 -
5g
Tanaka K.Kamisawa A.Suda T.Noguchi K.Hirano M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 12078 - 6
Collins SK.Grandbois A.Vachon MP.Côté J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 2923 - For other recent examples of the asymmetric synthesis of heterohelicenes see:
-
7a
Rajca A.Miyasaka M.Pink M.Wang H.Rajca S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 15211 -
7b
Nakano K.Hidehira Y.Takahashi K.Hiyama T.Nozaki K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44: 7136 -
7c
Lamanna G.Faggi C.Gasparrini F.Ciogli A.Villani C.Stephens PJ.Devlin FJ.Menichetti S. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14: 5747 - For some recent reviews/highlights in arylation see:
-
8a
Lewis JC.Berman AM.Bergman RG.Ellman JA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 2493 -
8b
Alberico D.Scott ME.Lautens M. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107: 174 -
8c
Campeau L.-C.Stuart DR.Fagnou K. Aldrichimica Acta 2007, 40: 35 -
8d
Yanagisawa S.Sudo T.Noyori R.Itami K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 11748 -
8e
Deprez NR.Kalyani D.Krause A.Sanford MS. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 4972 -
8f
Hull KL.Sanford MS. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 11904 - 9 For a recent example of helicenes
with aryl groups at the interior positions see:
Hu Y.Wex B.Perkovic MW.Neckers DC. Tetrahedron 2008, 64: 2251 - 10 For another example of the use of
similar silver(I) salts see:
Jung ME.Nichols CJ. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 347 -
11a
Campeau L.-C.Parisien M.Jean A.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 581 -
11b
Campeau L.-C.Thansandote P.Fagnou K. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 1857 -
13a
Lafrance M.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 16496 -
13b
Oezdemir I.Demir S.Cetinkaya B.Gourlaouen C.Maseras F.Bruneau C.Dixneuf PH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 1156 - 15
Kamikawa K.Takemoto I.Takemoto S.Matsuzaka H. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72: 7406 - For examples of arylation reactions that could proceed at either Csp² or Csp³ centers see:
-
16a
Campeau L.-C.Schipper DJ.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 3266 -
16b
Mousseau JJ.Larivee A.Charette AB. Org. Lett. 2008, 10: 1641 - 18
Lee E.Huang Z.Ryu J.-H.Lee M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14: 6957 - 19
Lee E.Kim J.-K.Lee M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 6375
References
Attempts to invert the sequence and perform arylation on 9 prior to metathesis gave only complex product mixtures.
14The analogous bromide and iodide of 2 also gave 5 as the major product.
16X-ray crystal structure
data have been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data
Centre under reference numbers CCDC-723431 (5),
CCDC-723433 (10), and CCDC-723432 (24a). These data can be obtained free of charge
at www.ccdc.com.ac.uk or from CCDC, 12, Union Road, Cambridge CB2
1EK, UK; fax: +44(1223)336033;
e-mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk.