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Planta Med 2009; 75(7): 719-734
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088393
Plant Analysis
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

HPLC in Natural Product Analysis: The Detection Issue

Jean-Luc Wolfender1
  • 1Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
Further Information

Publication History

Received: July 31, 2008 Revised: October 14, 2008

Accepted: October 23, 2008

Publication Date:
14 January 2009 (online)

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Abstract

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a very powerful and versatile chromatographic technique for the separation of natural products (NPs) in complex matrices, such as crude extracts for selective detection and quantification or general profiling. The method is widespread and has been adapted to the analysis of a broad range of NPs generally without the need for complex sample preparation. The choice of the appropriate detection method in HPLC is crucial because of the diversity of NPs and the fact that there is no single technique for their efficient detection. In this review both qualitative and quantitative applications of HPLC with UV, DAD, FD, ECD, RID, FID, CL, ESLD, CAD, MS, MS-MS, and NMR are covered to provide a general, rather than an exhaustive, overview. The potential and limitations as well as some new trends in HPLC hyphenation are discussed.

Abbreviations

APCI:atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation

API:atmospheric pressure ionisation

APPI:atmospheric pressure photoionisation

CAD:charged aerosol detection

CapNMR:capillary NMR

CID:collision-induced dissociation

CL:chemiluminescence

DAD:photodiode array detection

ECD:electrochemical detection

EI:electron impact

ELSD:evaporative light scattering detection

ESI:electrospray ionisation

FD:fluorescence detection

FID:flame ionisation detection

FT:Fourier transform

HCA:hierarchical clustering analysis

HPLC:high-performance liquid chromatography

HR:high resolution

LOD:limit of detection

LOQ:limit of quantification

LR:low resolution

MS:mass spectrometry

MS-MS:tandem mass spectrometry

MSn:multiple-stage mass spectrometry

MVDA:multivariate data analysis

NI:negative ion

NMR:nuclear magnetic resonance

PCA:principal component analysis

PI:positive ion

Q:quadrupole

QQQ:triple quadrupole

RID:refractive index detection

SPE:solid-phase extraction

TOF:time of flight

UHPLC:ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography

UV:ultraviolet

Key words

high-performance liquid chromatography - detection - hyphenation - natural products - dereplication - plant extracts

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Jean-Luc Wolfender

Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences

University of Geneva

University of Lausanne

30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet

1211 Geneva 4

Switzerland

Phone: +41-22-379-3385

Fax: +41-22-379-3399

Email: jean-luc.wolfender@unige.ch