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Semin Hear 2008; 29(4): 333-349
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095893
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Human Brain Imaging of Tinnitus and Animal Models

Edward Lobarinas1 , Wei Sun1 , Daniel Stolzberg1 , Jianzhong Lu1 , Richard Salvi1
  • 1Center for Hearing & Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Publikationsdatum:
24. Oktober 2008 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Because subjective tinnitus is typically localized to the ear with hearing loss, tinnitus was traditionally thought to originate from neural hyperactivity in the damaged ear. However, most studies have found that hearing loss reduces the neural outputs from the damaged cochlea. These negative findings led to the hypothesis that tinnitus arises from aberrant neural activity in the central auditory system. Positron emission tomography imaging studies performed on tinnitus patients that could modulate their tinnitus provide evidence showing that the aberrant neural activity that gives rise to tinnitus resides in the central auditory pathway. To investigate the biological basis of tinnitus in more detail, an animal model was developed that allowed behavioral measures of tinnitus to be obtained from individual rats after inducing tinnitus with high doses of salicylate or high-intensity noise. This behavioral model was used to test the efficacy of memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, and scopolamine, an anticholinergic, in suppressing salicylate-induced tinnitus. Neither drug completely suppressed salicylate-induced tinnitus. To detect the physiological changes associated with tinnitus, chronic microwire electrodes were implanted in the auditory cortex and measurements were obtained from the auditory cortex before and after salicylate and noise exposures known to induce tinnitus. High doses of salicylate or high-level noise exposure generally resulted in sound-evoked hyperactivity in the electrophysiological responses recorded from the auditory cortex of awake-animals. However, anesthetic tended to suppress or abolish the hyperactivity.

KEYWORDS

Tinnitus - salicylate - noise exposure - auditory cortex - spontaneous activity - positron emission tomography

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Richard SalviPh.D. 

Center for Hearing & Deafness, 137 Cary Hall, University at Buffalo

Buffalo, NY 14214

eMail: salvi@buffalo.edu