ZUR KENNTNIS DER INHALTSSTOFFE VON SAMBUCUS NIGRA

Abstract

The following triterpenoids and sterols were identified in the flowers of Sambucus nigra: triterpenoids: α– and β-amyrin (major), lupeol, cycloartenol, 24–methylenecycloartanol, cycloeucalenol; sterols: cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol (major). These triterpenoids and sterols are present in the free form and in the esterified form, primarily as ester of palmitic acid (see table II). The four sterols are also present in the glycosidically bound form. Besides this, traces of α– and β-amyrinacetate were isolated and ursolic acid, accompanied by traces of oleanolic acid, was found to be a major component of the flowers. Furthermore the aliphatic primary and secundary alcohols have been examined. The flowers contain primary alcohols of the homologous série from C₁₇ to C₃₀ in the free form and in the esterified form, the even-members being predominant (see table III). The major acids of the esters were found to be 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 acids. The sec-alcohols were unsaturated, ranging in the carbon number from C₁₄ through C₂₅ with the odd-members (C₂₁, C₂₃, C₂₅) beeing predominant. They occur only in the esterified form with 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 20:0 and 20:1 acids as major components (see table II).