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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1098702
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York
Sublinguale Mikrozirkulationsstörungen bei Patienten im septischen Schock: Untersuchungen mittels OPS-Imaging-System und PiCCO®-Monitoring
Microcirculatory Failure of Sublingual Perfusion in Septic-Shock Patients. Examination by OPS Imaging and PiCCO MonitoringPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
17. Juni 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Das hämodynamische Monitoring von Patienten mit Sepsis ist aufgrund der Diskrepanz von Makrohämodynamik und Organmikrozirkulation erschwert. Die Pulskonturanalyse (PiCCO®-System) beinhaltet neue Parameter zur besseren Beurteilung des Volumenstatus kritisch kranker Patienten. Dennoch besitzen Veränderungen von Regionalkreisläufen, insbesondere des Splanchnikusgebietes, eine besondere Wertigkeit für die Pathophysiologie der Sepsis. Ziel unserer Untersuchungen war daher der Vergleich von makrohämodynamischen Parametern (PiCCO®-System) mit der sublingualen Mikrozirkulation (OPS-Imaging) als indirektes Messverfahren für die Perfusion des Splanchnikusgebietes bei Patienten mit schwerer Sepsis im Multiorganversagen. Methodik: Es erfolgten mehrfache Untersuchungen im 24-stündigen Abstand an insgesamt 7 Patienten mit septischem Schock und Multiorgandysfunktion (APACHE II-Score > 25) mittels PiCCO®-Monitoring und dem Orthogonal-Polarization-Spectral(OPS)-Imaging. Durch das PiCCO®- Monitoring wurden sämtliche makrohämodynamischen Parameter bestimmt. Das OPS-Imaging wurde für jeweils 20 s an 6 verschiedenen Lokalisationen sublingual durchgeführt, zur indirekten Beurteilung der Perfusion des Hepatosplanchnikusgebietes. Mittels computerassistierter Bildverarbeitungsanalyse erfolgte die quantitative Erfassung der Gefäßdichte mit Einteilung in kleine und große Gefäße (< 25 bzw. > 25 µm) und der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in Venolen. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der venolären Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und dem systemischen vaskulären Widerstands-Index (r2 = 0,252; p < 0,05), dem mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck (r2 = 0,259; p < 0,05) sowie dem pH-Wert (r2 = 0,265; p < 0,05). Weiterhin fand sich eine signifikante Beziehung zwischen dem Sauerstofftransport-Index und der Dichte der kleinen Gefäße (r2 = 0,355; p < 0,05). Diskussion: Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die durch das PiCCO®-Monitoring gewonnenen Daten zu einer Beurteilung der Mikrozirkulation während schwerer Sepsis und Multiorganversagen herangezogen werden können. Das OPS-Imaging von nichtinvasiv zugängigen, für das Splanchnikusgebiet repräsentativen Lokalisationen ist für die Charakterisierung der Mikrozirkulation die genauere Untersuchungsmethode, bedarf jedoch einer umfangreichen und zeitaufwendigen Auswertung.
Abstract
Background: Haemodynamic monitoring of septic patients is impeded by the discrepancy between the macrohaemodynamics and the microcirculation of internal organs. Pulse contour analysis (PiCCO®) provides new parameters for an improved assessment of the volume status of critically ill patients. However, changes in regional circulation, in particular those affecting the splanchnic perfusion, have proven to be especially important. The aim of our study was to compare macrohaemodynamic parameters (PiCCO®) with microcirculation (OPS imaging) in severely septic patients with multiple organ failure. Patients and Methods: In seven patients suffering from septic shock and multiple organ failure (APACHE II score > 25) repeated examinations at a twenty-four hour interval were carried out by PiCCO® monitoring and OPS imaging. OPS data were recorded for twenty seconds at 6 different buccal and sublingual localisations, adequately reflecting microvascular perfusion of the liver and the small intestine. Data were videotaped for off-line analysis, calculating current velocity in small and large venules (< 25 and > 25 µm), as well as functional capillary density. Results: Significant correlations were found for current velocity in small venules with systemic vascular resistance (r2 = 0.252, p < 0.05), mean arterial blood pressure (r2 = 0.259, p < 0.05), and pH value (r2 = 0.265, p < 0.05). In addition, a significant correlation was found between the oxygen transport index and the density of small vessels (r2 = 0.355; p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to our findings, data acquired through PiCCO® monitoring may be used for a rough estimation of the microcirculation during severe sepsis and multiple organ failure. For an assessment of the local conditions of perfusion, however, there are limits in the use of the parameters that were the object of our research. For the measurement at localisations which are accessible non-invasively and representative of the splanchnic perfusion, OPS is the more accurate method for characterisation of the microcirculation, although a more extensive and time-consuming analysis is needed.
Schlüsselwörter
Mikrozirkulation - Hepatosplanchnikusgebiet - OPS-Imaging - Sepsis
Key words
microcirculation - hepatosplanchnic perfusion - OPS imaging - sepsis
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Dr. med. R. Wießner
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